Discussion questions ( NO topic ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion questions ( NO topic ) - Essay Example It is also most appropriate in instances where the data are not easily quantified. Observation study is mostly used in instances where intangible aspects, such as emotions, are involved. Observation is used to determine unforced, innate behavioral patterns in natural settings. There are a number of benefits of stratified sampling such as the certainty of representativeness, correlation between strata, and knowledge of all strata and their distinctive features. Stratified sampling generates higher accuracy than random sampling. Moreover, it is usually easier to stratify a sample than to choose randomly. In stratification, researchers can focus on a small number of characteristics and it is more cost-effective and less time-consuming. Stratified sampling also ensures greater coverage, representativeness, or generalizability. The research using stratified sampling has adequate control over the sample; hence it generates findings that are precise and impartial. Stratified sampling is the best method to acquire data that represent the diversity of the population under

Portrayal of the Gods Essay Example for Free

Portrayal of the Gods Essay Gilgamesh was an historical king of Uruk in Babylonia, on the River Euphrates in modern Iraq. It revolves around the relationship between Gilgamesh, who has become distracted and disheartened by his rule, and a friend, Enkidu, who is half-wild and who undertakes dangerous quests with him. In the epic of Gilgamesh and in the lives of the Mesopotamian the gods where portrayed as self-serving arrogant beings. These beings created the human race as slaves for the gods and so a human in the view of an early Mesopotamian had better do what the gods said if they wanted to live a happy life. We see gods that that do not really care about the lives of the Mesopotamian. The Mesopotamian could not depend on the safety of a strong government. The lack of a strong government was caused by many different factors and one of the main factors that brought about a weak government in the land of the Mesopotamia, was the lack of a reliable food source. The unreliable food source was due to the lack of a reliable source of farmland. Moreover, this lack of farmland was due mostly to the ever-changing rivers that surrounded the early civilizations that believed in these harsh gods. These peoples could not depend on a predictable flood pattern from the Tigris or the Euphrates. This fact above all, is the reason that the view of mean uncaring gods came about for the lives of these early people. One year a village could be right next to the Tigris but in the next year, they’ll be a mile away from the river thus destroying the type of economy that the village had in the previous year. Living with this, the people of the early civilizations blamed this hardship on the gods. These people did not think that the gods were all bad though, but just thought that they did not care about human existence because, as they believed, humans were created by many gods and for the sole service of these gods that created them. We conclude that these gods are always out to get the humans in whatever endeavor they may take up. Gilgamesh and Enkidu learn all too well that the gods are dangerous for mortals. Gods live by their own laws and frequently behave as emotionally and irrationally as children. Piety is important to the gods, and they expect obedience and flattery whenever possible. They can often be helpful, but angering them is sheer madness, and a characters reverence for the gods is no guarantee of safety. He is rich in religious symbolism. Religious rituals in Mesopotamia involved sacrifices, festivals, sex, dream interpretation, and shamanic magic. The walls of Uruk symbolize the great accomplishments of which mortals are capable. The epic of Gilgamesh differs markedly from that of the Judeo-Christian tradition, in which God is both a partner in a covenant and a stern but loving parent to his people. The covenant promises that people will receive an earthly or heavenly inheritance if they behave well. The Judeo-Christian God represents not just what is most powerful but what is morally best, humans should aspire to imitate him. These differences are noteworthy because Gilgamesh also shares certain common elements with the Judeo-Christian Bible. The bible and Gilgamesh are written in both languages. In Oedipus Tyrannus, it talks about the Ancient Greece where a lot was not understood; science was merely an infant and everything that happened was explained as an act of the gods or fate. Gods were the pinnacle of power; existing since the dawn of time. They were immortal, omnipresent, and omnipotent. Different gods had different personalities. In this sense, the gods were anthropomorphic. Having such mastery of the world would enable them to control man’s behavior. Fate is the idea that people’s lives are predetermined and that no matter what is done, fate cannot be changed. With the gods it was used to explore events that seemed unexplainable. It is clear that a betrayal of the god’s dominance resulted in Laius and Jocasta’s education. Oedipus is the victim of both fate and circumstance. Apollo is the God behind the nebulous conspiration involving Oedipus. Oracular god hides what he reveals through his oracles. Here is evidence of the Greek theories, which contempt for the gods leads to pain and suffering. As a result he is punished in a way that is more severe than even death. There is also the fact of knowing that his mother is suffering terrible pain. In the embattle of Oedipus, fighting for his own life, the god is present as an old prediction, inescapable for sure, but acting as background for the development of facts, or better, for the discovery of what had already happened. Oedipus experiences great grief when he looks back and realizes how much he has fallen from his former perch of power. This end is not only ironic but also cruel. Arachne was so apt at weaving that she challenged the god Athene to a contest. Oedipus certainly is not one without flaws. His pride, ignorance, insolence and disbelief in the gods, and unrelenting quest for the truth ultimately contributed to his destruction. The tragedy brought this evolution in the way of analyzing the relationship between the Greek gods and man, giving the latter more freedom of action. When Oedipus was told that he was responsible for the murder of Laius, he became enraged and calls the old oracle a liar. He ran away from his home, Corinth, in hopes of outsmarting the gods divine will. Like his father, he also sought ways to escape the horrible destiny told by the oracle of Apollo. The chorus warns us of man’s need to have reverence for the gods, and the dangers of too much pride. If a man walks with haughtiness of hand or word and gives no heed to Justice and the shrines of Gods despises, may an evil doom smite him for his ill, starred pride of heart. If he reaps gains without justice and will not hold from impiety and his fingers itch for untouchable things. When such things are done, what man shall contrive to shield his soul from the shafts of the God? †(pp. 452). Finally, the Greeks are warned that the only way to happiness is through humility and respect towards the gods. In the book â€Å"Monkey† by Wu Cheng, Sun Wukong, realized that despite his power over the monkeys, he was just like them, and was not beyond mortality. His determination to find immortality made him to travel on a raft to civilized lands where he was made the disciple of a Buddhist. Through his travels, he was able to acquire human speech and manners. He established himself as one of the most powerful and influential demons in the world and traveled into the ocean where he got the weapons that suited him. Hoping that a promotion and a rank amongst the gods would make him more manageable, the Jade emperor invited Wukong to Heaven, where the monkey believed he would receive an honorable place as one of the gods. Instead, he was made the head of heavenly stables to watch over horses. He went against the gods when he discovered what he was doing, and proclaimed himself as the great sage, and teamed up with the most powerful demons on earth. Although the heavens recognized the title of the monkey, their attempt to subdue the monkey king was unsuccessful. Wukong’s indignation turned into open defiance when he realized that he was excluded from a royal meeting that included that god and the goddess. After stealing the empress Xi Wangmu’s peaches of immortality and the Jade Emperor’s royal wine, he escaped back to his kingdom in preparation for his rebellion. Finally he proved himself equal to the best of Heaven’s generals when he defeated the army of heavens. Conclusion In the three books, it’s evident that the gods were caring and if one goes against their will, there was a repercussion for that. The gods are the pinnacle of power who takes control of all the things in the world. Different gods have different personalities and deeds. Gilgamesh learns that the gods are dangerous for mortals. Gods live by their own laws and frequently behave as emotionally and irrationally as children. Piety is important to the gods, and they expect obedience and flattery whenever possible.

Distributed File Sytsem :: Essays Papers

Distributed File Sytsem Intro CODA is an experimental distributed file system being developed at Carnegie Mellon University. Dr. M. Satyanarayanan heads this group whose purpose is to design and implement a distributed file system that allows for transparent mobile computing in a client server environment. The goals set forth for CODA include disconnected operation for mobile clients, failure resistance, performance, scalability and security. Architecture Most of the aspects of CODA’s basic architecture are inherited from its predecessor AFS (Andrew File System). Like AFS, CODA makes a distinction between servers and clients. The CODA workstation servers consist of partitions available to the file server. The partitions are made up of volumes that contain files. The volumes are set up like a directory structure, a root directory and the tree below it. A typical server would have hundreds of volumes of around 10MB each. The use of volumes helps to make large amounts of data more manageable and flexible. CODA stores volume and directory information along with access control lists and file attributes in raw partitions. These partitions are accessed through a log based recoverable virtual memory package (RVM). Only the file data is stored in the server partition files. Each of the volumes has a name and an ID. Volumes can be mounted anywhere in /coda except for under existing directories. A new directory will be created as part of the mount process (the volume name cannot conflict with existing directories in order to eliminate confusion). CODA makes the mounting points invisible to the user; they appear as regular directories. Files in CODA are identified by a FID (File identifier). The Fid consists of three 32 bit integers: the VolumeId, a VnodeId and an Uniquifier. The VolumeId identifies the volume the file resides in, the VnodeId is the inode number of the file and the Uniquifier guarantees no FID is ever used more than once. CODA stores replicated copies of volumes on a group of servers for higher availability and reliability. The list of the servers that hold a copy of the replicated volume is the VSG or Volume Storage Group. Each replicated volume’s VolumeId is also replicated. The replicated VolumeIds keep the VSG and the local volumes of each member together. Connected Operation The inner workings of a file system operation in CODA begin in much the same way they would in many other file systems.

Race And Ethnic Relations In Global Perspective Essay

When I did my research on Hmong people in unit six I found their history and culture to be very interesting, that is why I choose the conflict of the Hmong people and the Vietnam War to do this project on. Before getting into the exact conflict and the harm that the war caused many Hmong people I am going to write about the Hmong culture. http://www. historyguy. com/hmong_rebellion_in_laos. html#. UYxyE6JnG8g The Hmong are ethnically different from the Vietnamese, Cambodians and Lowland Lao. They lived in the mountains between Laos and Vietnam. They were considered less â€Å"civilized† than the other ethnic groups mentioned. They were considered to be Semi-Nomadic because they practiced the slash-and-burn as their way of getting food. Before the French came and made Indochina a Colony the Hmong were persecuted for their way of life, after that they were left alone and not bothered by the other groups. During the Indochina War (1946-1954) the Hmong people supported the French because they protected them. When the French pulled out they left the Hmong people to survive on their own, little did they know that this would not be the last time this would happen to them. In the early 1960’s JFK sent in the Special Forces (Green Berets) to South Vietnam. They landed right by the Hmong villages. Right after they landed, the American soldiers started to recruit the young men in the villages to help them fight the North Vietnamese. They agreed to do this not because they had love for the South Vietnamese, but because they thought that the United States would be a good replacement for protection since the French had left them with no protection. The United States also recruited young Hmong men who lived in Laos to form a â€Å"Secret Army†. The Hmong people were dedicated to help the United States in the war and would do whatever it took to have the United States protection from the communist North Vietnamese. Little did they know but that protection wouldn’t be there for long and they would be left to face the enemy on their own. Before the United States recruited the men of Hmong, they were a neutral party in Vietnam. In 1973 the United States soldiers were ordered to pull out of the Vietnam War and left the Hmong with no protection. When the communist won the war in 1975 they ordered the Hmong people, women and children include, to come down from the mountains. They wanted to be able to monitor what the Hmong’s were doing. I guess they probably did this to make sure that they were no longer a threat to them. Most of the Hmong people refused to come down from the hills. When the Hmong refused to come down the communist started dropping Soviet supplied toxic agents on the villages from the air, this was called â€Å"Yellow Rain†. The yellow rain wiped out whole villages including men, women and children. In 1975 the Hmong people fled to refugee camps in Thailand to escape the horror and torture that they would have to suffer from the Lao Communist Government. In late 1975 they began arriving to the United States from the refugee camps. In the early 1990’s the refugee camps were forced to close and the people who had not fled to the United States were forced to go to non-un camps. Many of them tried to become Thai citizens but that entailed getting large sums of money from relatives. Most of those refugees could not obtain citizenship because their relatives did not even have enough money to take care of their direct families. In 2006 the Thai government made the remaining Hmong people relocate to a more isolated area in Thailand, many of them are deprived access to join their families in the United States. They are basically left to fend for themselves and fear for their lives every day. If they would never have been asked to join the United States in the fight in Vietnam, they would still be living like they always did before. They were not an enemy to anyone until they trusted the United States and later that trust was broken. The Hmong people who now live in the United States have what we would call a better life. In my opinion if we would have never disturbed them and their lives during the war they would have never known a different way of life. They would probably be happy just the way they were, with no enemies to mess with them and have never have lost most of their people in the war. It is our fault that they ever had this conflict.

Promote child and young person Development Essay

Children and young people need an environment which is most likely to promote effective and confident child development where they can experience and environment of mutual respect and trust and open communication. We as practitioners need to reflect on our own practice where we can evaluate the contribution we have made to the support of child development and find ways that we can improve our practice. When reflecting on our practice we need to look at the ways in which we communicate with the children and young people such as varying with different methods of communications through a range of activities referring the stages of their development. We do this in our setting by looking at the plans and linking the activity to the EYFS and looking closely to new vocabulary and proposed learning outcomes that we will focus on whilst doing the activity. Good practice would be to evaluate the activity after the week and then look back at what you did or didn’t do such as explain new shapes and positional language in a physical activity. In our setting we will always ask each other, as colleagues, to see if they would like to input anything and just for a little reassurance that you are doing something the correct way and beneficial for the children. Bad practice would be to not allow the children to be experimental with the activity and for the activity to be purely adult led, this would not allow the children’s development to grow and progress. We will try to avoid situations in which children receive adult attention only in return for undesirable behaviour. Children crave attention whether it is positive or negative. If we give them this they may not feel the need to behave badly. We make sure that bad behaviour is not taken away from the rest of the group and that no one is singled out for their attention. We set these clear behaviour boundaries and rules so that the setting is able to run effectively with all the team members working towards the same aim. The children will also feel more secure and confident if they know what is expected of them, what is or isn’t acceptable. Being positive role models will help the children look up to us for guidance and to also copy the behaviour they witness therefore it is of great importance that we promote good behaviour by being polite, friendly, kind etc. How we treat unacceptable behaviour Physical punishment such as smacking or shaking will be neither used nor threatened within our setting. This is highly inappropriate and of course illegal and it could also be extremely frightening for children. Children will never be sent out of the room on their own as this would be very upsetting for the child and potentially very dangerous as anything could happen to them. They must be accompanied with an adult at all times. Techniques intended to single out and humiliate individuals will not be used. This will also be very upsetting for the child and very humiliating for them, so we at Priory Pre-school have a ‘’thinking chair’’ in place. This is for the children to think about their bad behaviour. Once they have had time to think, we will talk to them and make them understand what they have done was not nice and could have potentially hurt another child. We will always let them express themselves and the teacher will always listen to the child to allow them to explain why they did the bad behaviour. This will allow the teacher to find out more information about the incident. If a serious behavioural incident would occur such as racial or abuse, the behaviour will be made clear immediately by explanations from the children and not by blaming anyone. It is very important to make sure that the behaviour they are doing is not welcome at the pre-school and not the child themselves. It is important to quickly move on from the bad behaviour once dealt with and then concentrate on the child’s good behaviour. Adults will not raise their voices in a threatening manner as this would be frightening to the child. Talking and explaining to a child will be much more beneficial. We make sure that cultural expectations are regarded in the pre-school and to make sure that their wishes are met as it would be inappropriate for us to go against th em. We remember that all of the children at our pre-school are different and will react differently to being told off for their misbehaviour. Re-occurring behaviour problems will be tackled by the whole pre-school and the child’s parents using objective observation records to try to understand the cause of the situation. It is important to record observations to gain a larger picture of why the behaviour is occurring and the records could show numerous reasons and could possibly show a pattern of behaviour. We will  always keep the child’s parents informed about how we are managing it and the progress of the child. It helps to let the parent know as the parent can continue the same practices as what we at the pre-school will use. A multi-agency approach is the best way of ensuring that all of the child or young person’s developmental needs are met. Using multi agencies, such as community centres, institutions and services is very important when working with childre n and young people as it is an effective way of supporting the children, young people and their families and parents and carers with additional needs and helps to secure an improved outcome. For example, in our setting we have an educational psychiatrist who comes in and visits every term to help go through the Individual Education Plan (IEP) for two children to review the current plan and set new targets to improve their learning, these are specifically for children with special educational needs (SENCO). By visiting these agencies and working closely with professionals like this, it can support the early intervention process for children and young people to prevent problems occurring in the first place, or resolve present problems which in term will reduce the amount of referrals being made. By working with agencies, it will allow practitioners to work in an inclusive way by looking closely at the need of every child and young person and making sure they are valued and supported to ensure active participation in all areas of the curriculum. In our local community we use a few local agencies such as Houghton Regis Community Centre and Downside Community Centre who allow parents to visit them for meetings for extra help on how to promote good child development and general care taking for their children.

Leading Change at Simmons

Leading Change at Simmons Free Online Research Papers The case explores the challenges of managing a large-scale organizational change at Simmons, an old and established company that manufactures and distributes mattresses. The new CEO, Charlie Eitel, hired to turn the organizations performance around, considers whether to implement an untraditional training program that includes outdoor experiential team-building activities as a central element of his change strategy. It gives us opportunity to consider the decision of investing in the expensive training program following the loss of the three largest customers - retailers that together had contributed a third of Simmons revenues. One central theme is the role of leadership in engaging and motivating employees to implement changes that improve product quality and operational efficiency and cost. The Company and its new leadership: Simmons Inc is a 130 year old mattress manufacturing company based in Atlanta. The company has changed many hands since it was founded in 1870 by Zalmon Gilbert Simmons. The recent acquirers Fenway Partners have appointed Charlie Eitel has been appointed the CEO of the company as he has the track record of turning companies around. Charlie has brought about a number of changes in the organization since he has assumed office. His endeavor is to making the companies a place were people like to work and with whom customers like to deal with. Problems What changes are brought by Charlie Eitel and how his leadership has affected the company during the first six months as CEO? Heading into 2002 what should be the management teams top priorities? Should Simmons roll out the GGOL program? If so, how, and how would you justify the $7.2 million investment to Fenway Partners? What approach should Charlie Eitel take to bring about change in the organization: conventional or unconventional? Simmons Culture and Values: The Company had established a core set of values since its inception which were: 1. Using history of the company to learn from and inform future decisions 2. Maximizing the opportunities to think creatively about how to solve business problems 3. Embracing innovation 4. Keeping customers needs at the top of the priority list 5. Caring about the associates 6. Empowering people within certain boundaries 7. Supporting one another These values have been coined as the acronym CHOICES. The last three set of values have been added on by Charlie to build employee morale and to foster the spirit of teambuilding among the employees. The â€Å"code of ethics† at Simmons focused heavily on fairness, respect, integrity and fostering growth and development in others. Charlie also added the leadership vision which focused on leadership as team’s obligations and responsibilities to themselves and other constituents. Finally Simmons workforce vision was a statement about associates right and responsibilities. All these things were aimed at creating and maintaining operational excellence. Critical Analysis: The organization was plagued by its culture of dictatorship where there was no sense of team accountability. None of the 18 units were integrated; in fact, even in times of crises, the units did not lend support to bolster the one another. Considering the situation where the company has faced a major loss in terms of three of its best clients and inventory loss due to poor quality foam, it is all the more necessary to salvage the company by injecting a motivating team spirit amongst the employees. The employees lack team spirit, people skills, communication skills (both at a horizontal as well as vertical level), and good leaders. This deficit is required to be addressed and the primary objective should be to determine whether the benefits of implementing a culture change program that will offset the huge capital expenditure involved. As we look into the problems that prevail in the organization the content has to be such that it focuses on team building skills, reducing power distance, augment motivation among employees and uniting various units that are competing instead of working in collaboration. Various components to achieve this objective could be Outbound Activity, Inspirational movie, Management Games, Motivational lecture to encourage change. At this point the company needs some changes to survive the financial crisis prevailed in the US economy. In this regard, Eitel was expecting to bring about a cultural and structural change in the organization to encounter the same, as there was internal competition started among its plants. The Great Game of Life (GGOL) was the step taken in this regard. The GGOL was a program that was designed to encourage team work and enhance team performance. Teams were made to perform tasks that would have individually, so far, been impossible to do. The purpose was to reiterate the virtues of interdependence, coordination and coexistence. Tasks that seemed daunting were made simple by team work and encouragement. The employees were motivated by these experiences and extend it to their work as well. The purpose was to enhance inter-team and intra-team interaction in order to facilitate improved customer satisfaction. It was more like a team-training exercise that aimed at developing interpersonal skills and cohesion and thus aimed more at group processes than content tasks. The process was thus targeted to provide development to the employees than just training. However, this approach faced stiff resistance since its implementation because of completely revamping the company’s dictatorial form. Further, several plant managers resigned since they did not wish to participate in the program. Also, Eitel knew that it would be extremely difficult to convince Fenway partners that the company wanted to incur a $7.2 million expense over three years in order to implement the training program. It was finally decided to initiate the process at the Charlotte plant- infamous for its poor culture and dictatorial practices. Thus, GGOL was implemented at the senior leadership level of the plant at the end of 2000 with its successful reception by plant manager Bill Wagner, and his team continued rolling it out to the rest of the employees. It brought about positive changes in the middle management’s outlook and was thus perceived as a fruitful change- trusting, openness among employee and productive working milieu. Also, this program helped in developing team culture which was missing and necessary in present situation. At middle level, the program inspired workers to work together as team and be united towards a common goal. However maximum resistance is expected at this level as the changes brought by GGOL will be maximum. People at this level are working for a very long time and they have embedded values which will be difficult to change all of a sudden. The way ahead: The training programs at Simmons have been very successful as we can see from its success at the Charlotte plant. Not only was there an increase in employee motivation but also an overall improvement in plants productivity. The Charlotte plant won the Plant of the year for its progress. Eitel needs to explain the benefits of training and development to Fenway Partners particularly when the economy is in recession, since at the time of recession there is low turnover hence the trained people won’t leave the company. It has been seen that the companies who invest more in the times of recession are the ones who gain more when the economy takes an upturn. Research Papers on Leading Change at SimmonsMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Project Managment Office SystemOpen Architechture a white paperRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductResearch Process Part OneIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfHip-Hop is Art

How to Use the French Expression Nest-ce Pas

How to Use the French Expression Nest-ce Pas The French expression  nest-ce  pas (pronounced nes-pah) is what grammarians call a tag question. Its a word or short phrase that is tagged on to the end of a statemen, to turn it into a yes-or-no question. It is a  question  added to a  declarative sentence to engage, verify, or confirm. Question tags use the auxiliary verb in the opposite form of the sentence itself. If a sentence is negative, the question tag takes the positive form of the auxiliary verb and vice versa. Most of the time, nest-ce  pas is used in conversation when the speaker, who already expects a certain response, asks a question mainly as a rhetorical device. Literally translated,  nest-ce pas  means is it not, though most speakers understand it to mean isnt it? or arent you? In English, tag questions often consist of the specific verb from the statement combined with not. In French, the verb is irrelevant; the tag question is just nest-ce pas. English tag questions right? and no? are similar in usage to nest-ce pas, though not in register. They are informal, whereas nest-ce pas  is formal. The informal French tag question equivalent is non?   Heres a quick review of principle tenses, the auxiliary form they take, and an example of a positive and a negative question tag for each tense. Examples and Usage Vous à ªtes prà ªt, nest-ce pas? –  Youre ready, arent you?Elle est belle, nest-ce pas? –  Shes beautiful, isnt she?Nous devons partir bientà ´t, nest-ce pas? –  We have to leave soon, dont we?Il a fait ses devoirs, nest-ce pas? –  He did his homework, didnt he?Ils peuvent nous accompagner, nest-ce pas? –  They can come with us, cant they? More French Resources Expressions with à ªtreExpressions with pasMost common French phrasesQuestions in French

Online Resources for Cinderella Fairy Tales

Online Resources for Cinderella Fairy Tales What is it about the fairy tale Cinderella that is so appealing that there are versions in numerous cultures, and children beg their parents to read or tell the story just one more time? Depending on where and when you were brought up, your idea of Cinderella may be the Disney movie, the fairy tale in Grimms Fairy Tales, the classic fairy tale by Charles Perrault, upon which the Disney movie is based, or one of the other versions of Cinderella. To further confuse matters, calling a story a Cinderella story does not mean that the heroine is named Cinderella. While the names Ashpet, Tattercoats, and Catskins may be somewhat familiar to you, there seem to be as many different names for the main protagonist as there are different versions of the story. Elements of a Cinderella Story What exactly makes a story a Cinderella story? While there seem to be several interpretations of this, there also seems to be general agreement that you will usually find certain elements in a Cinderella story. The main character is generally, but not always, a girl who is badly treated by her family. Cinderella is a good and kind person, and her goodness is rewarded with magical assistance. She is recognized for her worth by something she has left behind (for example, a golden slipper). She is elevated in position by a royal person, who loves her for her good qualities. Story Variations As early as the late nineteenth century, variations of the story were being collected for publication. In 1891 The Folk-Lore Society in London published Marian Roalfe Coxs Cinderella: Three Hundred and Forty-Five Variants of Cinderella, Catskin, and Cap 0 Rushes, Abstracted and Tabulated, with a Discussion of Medieval Analogues and Notes. Professor Russell Pecks online Cinderella Bibliography will give you an idea of just how very many versions there are. The bibliography, which includes summaries for many of the stories, includes basic European texts, modern childrens editions and adaptations, including versions of the Cinderella story from around the world, as well as a great deal of other information. The Cinderella Project If youd like to compare some versions yourself, visit The Cinderella Project. It is a text and image archive, which contains a dozen English versions of Cinderella. According to the sites introduction, The Cinderellas presented here represent some of the more common varieties of the tale from the English-speaking world in the eighteenth, nineteenth, and early twentieth centuries. Materials to construct this archive were drawn from the de Grummond Childrens Literature Research Collection at the University of Southern Mississippi. Another resource from the de Grummond Childrens Literature Research Collection is the table of Cinderella: Variations Multicultural Versions, which includes information about a great many versions from a variety of countries. More Cinderella Resources Cinderella Stories, from The Childrens Literature Web Guide, provides an excellent list of reference books, articles, picture books, and online resources. One of the most comprehensive childrens books Ive found is Judy Sierras Cinderella, which is part of The Oryx Multicultural Folktale Series. The books contain one- to nine-page versions of 25 Cinderella stories from different countries. The stories are good for reading aloud; there are no illustrations of the action, so your children will have to use their imaginations. The stories also work well in the classroom, and the author has included several pages of activities for children nine to fourteen years old. There is also a glossary and a bibliography as well as background information. The Cinderella page on the Folklore and Mythology Electronic Texts site contains the texts of folktales and related stories from a variety of different countries about persecuted heroines. Cinderella or The Little Glass Slipper is an online version of the classic tale by Charles Perrault. If your kids or teens like fairy tale retelling with a twist, often humorous, see  Modern Fairy Tales for Teen Girls.

The topic is whether government should intervene in society concerning Essay

The topic is whether government should intervene in society concerning economic issues - Essay Example In early American History, the Government refrained from controlling or intervening in the economy and accepted the â€Å"laissez-faire† doctrine or â€Å"survival of the fittest† ideology. The only government role was to maintain law and order. (U.S. Department of State). However, a gradual shift in this policy has been noticed since the turn of the 19th Century with the rising corruption in the Public Sector and to ensure fair competition in the marketplace. There was a lot of support on the theory of Keynesian macroeconomics, which led them to believe that the government should set goals and objectives for the economy as a whole. (Willamette Univ.). While it is important for the Government to partake in some economic activity directly such Taxation Policies, formulating and implementing rules or laws for fair trade and competition etc., and sometimes indirectly by monitoring economic activities through Economic institutions (e.g. Federal Bank deciding to increase or decrease Bank Rates); it becomes necessary for the economy to be given a free hand in order to flourish. Often, government fixes prices on goods on services or labor, such as minimum and maximum prices, which may lead to aberrations in the economy. There may be shortages in the market which may arise if the government fixes prices below the prevailing market rate. Ex. Public healthcare being provided free may lead to long waiting lines for treatments (Higson). Government fixing prices can lead to Surpluses as well, which may be the outcome of prices being fixed above the market rate. In such a case, the supply will be more than the demand. For example guaranteeing a farmer a higher price than the market price encourages over production and gives rise to wastage. Similarly, minimum wages tend to lead to unemployment in the economy especially for unskilled labor when the wage rate is set above the

Life of Taking Risks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Life of Taking Risks - Essay Example In a real sense, risk-taking may provide an excellent opportunity for changing a life. Many successful stories of businesspersons, for example, tell how a significant risk is, to the overall prosperity. Therefore, it is crucial to understand, the benefits of taking a risk, when to take the risk, how, or even the challenges of taking a risk, as this paper will try to illustrate. By nature, the risk is scary and sends fear in many people. It exposes a person to uncertainties since it is difficult to tell what the results may be. On the other hand, equals a walk into unpredictable vastness where anything can happen, even the loss of life. There are many scenarios in life that involve risk-taking. While others are explicit, some simple, daily life things are hard to notice. When a person laughs, that person risks the perception to be a fool. When a person exposes his or her feelings, there is the risk of exposing the true self. Loving a person, on the other hand, is a risk since it is no t necessary to get love in return. Ultimately, living in this world is risking death. All these examples are primarily, meant to illustrate the sheer fact that life is full of risks to take. However, the question that should follow is, ‘Should risk be taken?’ Benefits of Risk Taking To get a life of desire, it is imperative to take positive risks. It is also equally beneficial to plan on how to take those risks. Negative risks are typically impulsive and driven by emotions. Before making a positive risk, it is necessary to take time to weigh events of risk-taking and its significance. The series of thoughtful events made before taking a risk act as a cushion from unnecessary and unforeseen repercussions. Firstly, risk-taking gives an opportunity to explore the talents and abilities of a person.  

Discussion 1 Week 8 Comparing Decision Various and the Objective Assignment

Discussion 1 Week 8 Comparing Decision Various and the Objective Function - Assignment Example 1). On the other hand, the objective function represents the aim or goal of the problem being solved: either to maximize or minimize an identified value. The relationship between the decision variables and the objective function, therefore is found in terms of the manner by which each decision variable, identified to be an integral part of the objective function, would contribute towards attainment of the defined goal. As emphasized, â€Å"the objective function indicates how much each variable contributes to the value to be optimized in the problem† (What is the Objective Function?, n.d., p. 1). For example, if the problem calls for maximizing profit (the objective function), then, the decision variables would be to determine how many units ; of product A, product B, or product C to manufacture; given a set of restrictions or constraints, the decision variables would provide the most effective allocation in products to be manufactured in order to maximize profits. After learning the definition of the objective function, as the main goal or aim to be attained in the linear programming model, a constraint is defined as the â€Å"possible values the variables of a linear programming problem may take. They typically represent resource constraints, or the minimum or maximum level of some activity† (What are the Constraints?, n.d.). As disclosed, the constraint takes the following form: Thus, the constraints ensure that the objective or goal of the linear programming model is attained given that some restrictions in resources have been integrated in the problem solving process, as required. For instance, in a typical advertising budget problem, the constraints could be the limited amount of funds or budget that could be allocated for various medium: television, print, electronic, or other media which should not exceed, say, 20 advertisements in any of the identified media. Thus, these restrictions

Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Question - Essay Example The approach that will be adopted by this lawyer would be of a proactive nature and he would consistently keep a check on the activities and measures of the other industrial competitors and narrate the same dealings to the company’s top heads. Moreover, this lawyer will help solve the different legal issues which the organization might run into from time to time and also facilitate avenues for better understanding between the company and its publics (usually the stakeholders). (Commons, 1923) Since keeping a check of the law regimes is the duty of any organization that works under a certain law of the land, this organization would be helped a great deal by the efforts undertaken by the lawyer and his role would be increased with each passing day. Thus it is in the best interests of the business unit operating in a foreign country to hire the best lawyer and adopt an approach of goodwill with the legislative

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English - Essay Example The very next day, the child mysteriously died (as cited in Clugston, 2010, pp. 44-50). This paper will use historical approach in criticizing and analyzing the theme of the story. Country Lovers is a very engaging story because of the intensity and the scandalous nature of the topic. Because of the heightened sense of racial prejudice during the early 1900s, a forbidden romance—an interracial romance is considered social taboo. And to even consider writing a literature that centres on this topic is truly fascinating and attention-grabbing to any readers, especially to those who are aware of American History and the heightened racial tension between the African Americans and the Caucasians in the South. This is very unpopular and unsavoury a topic for some but a social reality nonetheless; and the social stigma attached to mulattos is but a verifiable proof that though this is a work of fiction, it is grounded on social reality. Another aspect that adds merit to the story is t he credibility of the author. Nadine Gordimer was born 1923 in South Africa and have strong conviction on exposing the injustices that the majority of the black people are suffering—her people. These social injustices are the central themes of her writing and have since made impacts in improving racial relationships among countries (Clugston, 2010, p. 44).

The individual in western liberal theories of law is vacuous, circular Essay

The individual in western liberal theories of law is vacuous, circular and inconsistent. It could not be anything else because humans only ever exist in specif - Essay Example And, it seems apparent that women and children are the principal victims of such processes and lack equal bargaining power. However, in such an unequal balance of power relations and structures of authority, a universal system of just standards and values seems most urgent in order to have a systematic way to regulate and judge moral and political processes. In other word, define systematically, a rigorous definition and perception of right. Basically, individual rights is a legal term referring to what one is allowed to do and what can be done to an Individual. Police states are generally considered to be oppressive because they offer their citizens few Individual rights. In the following, we will discus the claim that â€Å"The individual in western liberal theories of law is vacuous, circular and inconsistent. It could not be anything else because humans only ever exist in specific sociohistorical, linguistic and ideological contexts† through Feminist and Marxist legal theories. Indeed, it seems important to give in first a short overview on the context in which those theories are involved regarding the general concept of liberalism and individual and/or human right. Liberalism can be understood as (i) a political tradition (ii) a political philosophy and (iii) a general philosophical theory, encompassing a theory of value, a conception of the person and a moral theory as well as a political philosophy. Liberalism is generally viewed as a tradition that has been born out of many ideas of several thinkers and of several social situations, but it is mostly characterized as part of the western tradition. It can be seen also as a reaction to and attempt to reverse oppression which restricts people’s freedoms. Regarding the liberalism, Humans are basically unencumbered selves with the ability to think rationally and make choices about their â€Å"own† beliefs about the good life. Within this tradition, the self is viewed as a predominantly atomistic and

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English - Essay Example The very next day, the child mysteriously died (as cited in Clugston, 2010, pp. 44-50). This paper will use historical approach in criticizing and analyzing the theme of the story. Country Lovers is a very engaging story because of the intensity and the scandalous nature of the topic. Because of the heightened sense of racial prejudice during the early 1900s, a forbidden romance—an interracial romance is considered social taboo. And to even consider writing a literature that centres on this topic is truly fascinating and attention-grabbing to any readers, especially to those who are aware of American History and the heightened racial tension between the African Americans and the Caucasians in the South. This is very unpopular and unsavoury a topic for some but a social reality nonetheless; and the social stigma attached to mulattos is but a verifiable proof that though this is a work of fiction, it is grounded on social reality. Another aspect that adds merit to the story is t he credibility of the author. Nadine Gordimer was born 1923 in South Africa and have strong conviction on exposing the injustices that the majority of the black people are suffering—her people. These social injustices are the central themes of her writing and have since made impacts in improving racial relationships among countries (Clugston, 2010, p. 44).

Learn to think critically Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Learn to think critically - Essay Example How do you do that without carrying out this problem-options process again and again I would like to suggest a way to stop this regress by turning an option into a step towards a goal or objective that needs to come about because of my action. What am I trying to accomplish by doing this versus that Once I have that, all the rest falls into place. For example, in this exercise, how can I answer the question of which critical thinking skill can I or should I develop more I can say one option for this problem is to stay up all night to get this paper turned in on time. Another answer is a goal, a condition or state of what it would be like that I want to have. That desired state might be something like this: I will always be prepared for the requirements of school. From this ideal, action steps (options) come, and may include for me to prioritize everyday challenges at school such that I can turn my work in on time and perhaps get better grades. The option of staying up all night for a one-page paper then is not optimal. It does not help me get to my goal or objective very well. Think of what it would mean for me. I have. Staying up late or working all night will deprive me of my beauty rest, another important goal of mine.

Global Sex Trade in Thailand and Dominican Republic Essay Example for Free

Global Sex Trade in Thailand and Dominican Republic Essay Prostitution which has been known as the oldest profession around the globe serves to be one of the immoral professions by most countries depending on their religion (Dr1. com, 2008). Mostly seen on developing countries, prostitution provides easy access to money as poor individuals lack enough opportunity to have better and decent jobs. Though developed countries also have prostitution on their dark streets, relative to developing countries, they have less case of prostitution or should we say discrete enough to bury this profession to the underground market. Needless to say, there have been theories explaining why developing countries have more incidence of prostitution as compared to those of the developed ones. Some market analysts say that it was all due to the intense policies that developed countries implement against prostitution while others suggests that it could be due to cultural differences between developed and developing countries. Poverty serves to be the primary reason why most people chose to enter the profession of being a prostitute. The prostitution industry greatly help the economy of most developing countries though it cannot be seen on their economic indicators since government officials do not include the income from prostitution into their GDP and GNP, rather, the benefits from the prostitution industry can be seen on the disposable income of those people that becomes prostitute. This improvement of disposable income of individuals in a given developing country would provide economic progress on its domestic market. Furthermore, prostitution also attract more tourist to visit a country thereby giving way for the rise of the concept of â€Å"Sex Tourism† which improves the national income of developing countries especially Dominican Republic and Thailand. Among those developing countries, the Dominican Republic and Thailand have rampant prostitution on the streets as compared to other countries. Incidentally, this paper aims to determine the difference between the sex tourism in Dominican Republic and Thailand as well as the respective government policies that both identified countries implements in order to combat prostitution into their country. Sex Tourism in Dominican Republic Among the countries in the Caribbean region, the Dominican Republic serves as the primary destination for female sex tourism and tagged as the â€Å"single man’s destination†. Most of the prostitutes in the Dominican Republic are still minors and roughly equal to 25,000 in number. Some of the sex tourist destination in Dominican Republic would be the Rio San Juan, Cabarete, Sosua, Laperon, and their capital city Santo Domingo which accounts to roughly 50,000 prostitute women including underage prostitutes (Paralum. com, 2008). Most of the tourists in the Dominican Republic come from developed countries like United States and United Kingdom to name a few. It is already normal to see a foreigner from a developed country being accompanied by Dominican women. Prostitution seems to be socially acceptable in the society of Dominican Republic. Like for instance, it is normal for most of the bars to have waitresses that also offers sex service to their customers as well as they also tend to dress skimpy dress in order to attract tourist to go to their bar. Local police officers just let this kind of situation in exchange for bribe from the owners of the bars and stores on the â€Å"hot spots† of Dominican Republic. Furthermore, it is not only the local police that accept bribes from the owners of bars that also offers sex service, local authorities and some top government officials do accept payments from the bar owners in exchange for the latter’s safety from lawful dilemma (O’Connell Sanchez-Taylor, 1995). Most of the bars that offers sex service in Dominican Republic can be found on its shorelines and beaches. Last 2004, around 3. 4 million vacationers went to Dominican Republic which most of them only go after the prostitution industry on the said country (Gvnet. com, 2008b). This large number of tourist that visits Dominican Republic just for some flesh are too alarming since there is a high chance for various sexual diseases to spread across the said country. It was identified that Dominican prostitutes prefer not to use condom and will have sex on their clients on two hours for just 300 Pesos (Cohen, 2006). The main reason of most Dominican prostitutes why they entered such profession would be primarily because of poverty and lack of better job opportunity in the Dominican Republic. With the increasing need for sustain their basic necessities; Dominican women have no choice but to embrace prostitution as the main source of their income. Foreigners pay higher as compared to local customers of Dominican women and girls thereby giving way for the latter to attract more foreigners as their client which at the end of the day would increase the number of foreign visitors to Dominican Republic for its sex tourism. Just like most of developing countries that suffers to rampant prostitution, the main factor that triggers Dominican women and girls to enter such profession would be poverty and lack of better job opportunities. Furthermore, aside from poverty and lack of better job opportunities, another reason why Dominican women and girls enters prostitution would be due to lax policies and regulations on the part of the Dominican government officials. Known as one of the top corrupt countries around the globe, Dominican Republic government officials tends to let the booming of sex tourism on their country in exchange for some bribe from the owners of bars, and traffickers of prostitutes in Dominican Republic. Actually, there are two types pf prostitution in Dominican Republic. The first type would be the prostitution within the Dominican Republic while the second type would be the prostitution of Dominican Women and girls to other countries like United States, United Kingdom and Netherlands to name a few. Like for instance, around 10 percent of the total visas issued to Dominicans each year are for prostitution. Furthermore, there are around 50,000 Dominican women around the globe that serves to sex industry and this is the fourth highest number in the world after Thailand, Brazil, and Philippines. The extensive corruption on the borders of Dominican Republic contributes for the easy migration of Dominican women and girls to other countries for prostitution. Despite of the fact that most government officials of Dominican Republic that are corrupt and just ignore the sex tourism in their country, there are still significant number of responsible government officials in the said country, together with concerned citizens and Non-Government Organizations that works hand in hand in combating the worsening of prostitution industry in Dominican Republic. Various policies were passed in order to minimize the incidence of prostitution in Dominican Republic like the Code of the Minors which protects the rights, welfare, and interests of children and adolescents which the government will primarily provide (Ecpat. net, 2005). This Code of the Minor should minimize the number of minor that enters the profession of prostitution Furthermore, with the increasing concern from the global community some of the Dominican Republic officials are being forced to arrest and raid areas where prostitutions houses like in motels, bars, and other â€Å"hot spots† of sex tourism from the said country. With the efforts of the United States on providing aids to Dominican Republic in combating its rampant prostitution, still, the problem remains intact on the culture and norms of every Dominican women, girls, bar owners and foreigners as there will still be government officials of the Dominican Republic that continues to accept their bribes in order to let the operation of sex industry in Dominican Republic to continue. At the end of the day, it is clear that the efforts of various organizations and foreign government are useless unless the Dominican Republic government and citizen’s itself works hand in hand for the eradication of prostitution on their country. With poverty, corruption continues to exist on the systems of Dominican Republic it would be very hard to combat prostitution on the said country as prostitution already become part of its culture and norm. Sex Tourism in Thailand One of the impressive countries in terms of economic performance in the South East Asian Region, Thailand serves as the role model of its neighboring countries when it comes to attaining high economic growth and stable foreign currency in the international market. But despite of this economic success of Thailand rests a dim profession that most foreigners go after in search of short time pleasure. Sex tourism in Thailand, just like in Dominican Republic is also rampant on its streets as teenager prostitutes, most of them are college students, walks around tourist destination searching for prospect foreigner client. Actually, it is not only sex trading that is rampant in Thailand, exploitation, sex slavery and even organ harvesting are widespread on the streets of major cities of Thailand (LoBaido, 2002). Police officers tend to accept bribes from the prostitutes and traffickers in exchange for protection. Furthermore, policemen oftentimes are the one to perform exploitation to most Thai women; rape and other inhumane acts are being are just some of the dark experiences that Thai women and girls get from the streets (Sexwork. com, 1999). During the height of 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, a lot of households suffer financially which forces teenagers from college and high school to go for prostitution in order to sustain their education and their families (Gvnet. com, 2008a). As years past, after the said Asian Financial Depression, Thailand became known for its prostitution industry internationally. Large number of foreigners is visiting Thailand just for this human-flesh trading. Most of the Thai prostitutes hang up to malls, bars, streets, and even to motels and hotels wherein most foreigners can be found (Chirgwin, 2006). On the other hand, even after the recovery of Thailand from the 1997 Asian Financial Depression, prostitution remains intact on the streets and malls of major cities of Thailand. Not because these Thai women do not have enough money for their education and for their families but rather in order for them to sustain their luxury. With the rise of Thailand’s economy, various international malls wherein branded products dominate their market starts to made Thai college students addictive to shopping. In order to maintain this addiction of Thai women, they tend to go for prostitution. Furthermore, credit card industry in Thailand in the late 1990s starts to boom which forces every citizens of Thailand to avail credit card services. With this rise of credit card services plus the addiction of most Thai women to shopping, most them already have enough reason to embrace the profession of sex trading. Cyber sex and pornographies are starting to emerge in the Thailand underground market as credit card users can easily collect their payments online. Prostitution starts to become a part of Thailand’s culture since 1990s and it is already normal for a Thai college student to become a prostitute not because she is poor but rather in order to have enough money to sustain their luxurious cost of living. Bangkok, Pattaya, Phuket and Koh Samui are just some of the sex tourist destination in Thailand. In Koh Samui alone, there were around 10,000 prostitutes living in that area. If in Dominican Republic, motel, bars and beach resorts are the â€Å"hot spots† for human-flesh trading, in Thailand it would be the malls, saunas, and massage parlors. Furthermore, as compared to Dominican Republic, there are less minor prostitutes in the Thailand underground market for most of them are college students whose age ranges from 18-22 years old enough for them not to be considered as minors. In this regard, it is therefore clear that the present reason for most Thai prostitutes nowadays is not only mainly due to poverty but also due to the commercialization that is presently happening in the domestic market of Thailand. Most of the Thai prostitutes are college students that only want to have extra money to sustain their addiction to shopping and other expensive materials, while there are still significant number of Thai prostitutes that are not students and just go for human-flesh trading due to poverty and lack of better job opportunity. Furthermore, there are some Thai prostitutes expects for financial support from the men that they sleep with instead of the traditional concept of prostitutes like in Dominican Republic wherein paying the prostitute for her service would be enough and not financially supporting her. Despite of the rampant and negative connotation of prostitution to most countries, the Thai government is presently considering the legalization of prostitution to their country in order to combat corruption on its police force and government officials. Furthermore, the said plan for the legalization of prostitution in Thailand aims for increasing government’s income as government officials plans to impose tax collection to prostitutes on their country. Last 2003, the Ministry of Justice already posed its initial step for the legalization of prostitution in Thailand. Relative to other countries, the policies regarding the eradication of prostitution in Thailand is very lax just like in Dominican Republic since, as what has been identified a while ago, the Thai government plans to legalize prostitution into their country which would further boost the sex tourism industry in Thailand. Conclusion Despite of some similarities of sex tourism in Dominican Republic and Thailand, still, there are a great number of differences between these two countries that has been able to identify during the entire discussion of this paper. The effort of the Thai government to legalize prostitution makes the gap on the difference between the sex tourism industries on both countries to increase. Dominican Republic government officials do not have any intention to legalize prostitution into their country rather intensifying their policies in order to minimize the incidence of prostitution into their country. This really suggests that the Dominican Republic do not want to combat prostitution because if they do they will surely lose significant amount of bribes from the prostitute traffickers and bar owners. The increasing influence of commercialization to the domestic market of Thailand would just fuel up the rise of prostitution on the said country. At the end of the day, poverty remains the main factor for the existence of prostitution to most developing countries around the globe. References Chirgwin, V. (2008). Fact Book on Global Sexual Exploitation: Thailand. Retrieved April 21, 2008, from http://www. uri. edu/artsci/wms/hughes/thailand. htm Cohen, J. (2006). The Sun The Sand The Sex. Retrieved April 21, 2008, from http://www. sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/313/5786/474 Dr1. com (2008). Dominican Republic Prostitution. Retrieved April 21, 2008, from http://www. dr1. com/articles/prostitution. shtml Ecpat. net (2005). Child Sex Tourism in Dominican Republic. Retrieved April 21, 2008, from www. ecpat. org. uk/downloads/Dom_Rep05. pdf Gvnet. com (2008a). Kingdom of Thailand: Child Prostitution- The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children. Retrieved April 21, 2008, from http://gvnet. com/childprostitution/Thailand. htm

Tibet on the Verge of Annihilation :: Economy Government Papers

Tibet on the Verge of Annihilation China’s foreign policy towards Tibet must be changed if the Tibetan people are to live happily. Since the early 1950s China has taken over and occupied Tibet. At first China made it seem as if they were just trying to modernize Tibet, and help it assimilate into society, but in fact, all China wanted to do was to take control over Tibet, and its people while exploiting the land for its natural resources. China’s original agreement was to not interfere with the Tibetan’s religion, and their general way of life, but slowly, similar to the way the Nazis took control of the Jewish population in Europe, China began implementing laws and making rules which went against their original agreements. People tried to protest peacefully at first, until they were stopped violently. People were arrested, tortured, and killed. Eventually chaos broke out, and martial law was established in Lhasa, the capital of Tibet. The Chinese have been accused of genocide against the Tibe tan people and their culture. Tibet’s early history is one that is centered on isolationism mainly because they feared the Western world would corrupt their Buddhist way of life. Starting in the early twentieth century, only three non-Tibetans entered Tibet; they were Younghusband in 1904 and Heinrich Harrer and Peter Aufschnaiter in the mid 1940’s. Younghusband was the leader of a British expedition that entered Tibet from India. The British wanted to gain some control over Tibet for fear that Russia would gain an influence their by helping China, thereby, setting its sights on India, Britain’s crown jewel. Britain wanted to start negotiations with Tibet to begin trading there. They sent the Dalai Lama a series of letters which were later sent back to the British unopened. The Chinese would have been displeased with Tibet if they were to correspond with the British. The viceroy in India convinced Britain to send an â€Å"expedition† to Tibet. This expedition, which was led by Youn ghusband was to enter Tibet and start negotiations. Tibet refused to allow this expedition to continue, therefore the British sent troops and ordered the expedition deeper into Tibet to force communications. Battles between British forces and the Tibetan army ensued, but the Tibetan armies were soon crushed. The expedition entered and took over Lhasa, the capital of Tibet. China wanted the thirteenth Dalai Lama to negotiate with the British while all this was going on, but when the British got close to Lhasa, he escaped to Mongolia in hopes of getting the support of the Russians. Tibet on the Verge of Annihilation :: Economy Government Papers Tibet on the Verge of Annihilation China’s foreign policy towards Tibet must be changed if the Tibetan people are to live happily. Since the early 1950s China has taken over and occupied Tibet. At first China made it seem as if they were just trying to modernize Tibet, and help it assimilate into society, but in fact, all China wanted to do was to take control over Tibet, and its people while exploiting the land for its natural resources. China’s original agreement was to not interfere with the Tibetan’s religion, and their general way of life, but slowly, similar to the way the Nazis took control of the Jewish population in Europe, China began implementing laws and making rules which went against their original agreements. People tried to protest peacefully at first, until they were stopped violently. People were arrested, tortured, and killed. Eventually chaos broke out, and martial law was established in Lhasa, the capital of Tibet. The Chinese have been accused of genocide against the Tibe tan people and their culture. Tibet’s early history is one that is centered on isolationism mainly because they feared the Western world would corrupt their Buddhist way of life. Starting in the early twentieth century, only three non-Tibetans entered Tibet; they were Younghusband in 1904 and Heinrich Harrer and Peter Aufschnaiter in the mid 1940’s. Younghusband was the leader of a British expedition that entered Tibet from India. The British wanted to gain some control over Tibet for fear that Russia would gain an influence their by helping China, thereby, setting its sights on India, Britain’s crown jewel. Britain wanted to start negotiations with Tibet to begin trading there. They sent the Dalai Lama a series of letters which were later sent back to the British unopened. The Chinese would have been displeased with Tibet if they were to correspond with the British. The viceroy in India convinced Britain to send an â€Å"expedition† to Tibet. This expedition, which was led by Youn ghusband was to enter Tibet and start negotiations. Tibet refused to allow this expedition to continue, therefore the British sent troops and ordered the expedition deeper into Tibet to force communications. Battles between British forces and the Tibetan army ensued, but the Tibetan armies were soon crushed. The expedition entered and took over Lhasa, the capital of Tibet. China wanted the thirteenth Dalai Lama to negotiate with the British while all this was going on, but when the British got close to Lhasa, he escaped to Mongolia in hopes of getting the support of the Russians.

Domestic Violence: Loopholes in the Arizona Legal System Essay

The United States has a long history of domestic violence. Nearly six million American women will be battered by their spouses every year (United Way, 1998). Tradition gives men the right to control their family including their wife. Violence is tolerated under these traditional conditions as discipline (Cohen, 1996). Domestic violence is overwhelmingly committed by men ".. to discipline and coerce women" (Cohen, 1996). "Husbands use violence against their wives as a way of coercing them, establishing control, and conveying rules to regulate 'proper' female behavior (Dobash & Dobash, 1977-1978)." This type of abusive behavior often comes from the ideology that women are subordinate to men (Cohen, 1996). This way of thinking was dominant until the feminist movements when women protested for equal rights and got them. It has still been a struggle to get women's issues recognized by law, however. Domestic violence is a serious issue that needs to be thoroughly addressed, especially in border states like Arizona which have a large Mexican immigrant population, often with traditional views. To have an effective legal system which thoroughly addresses domestic violence, abusers must be held accountable by law for their a ctions and all victims need to be able to receive aid and support from the state. Currently, these requirements for an effective legal system regarding domestic violence are not met in Arizona. Every year there is some 16,000 domestic violence charges filed in the Tucson Police Department and Pima County Sheriff's Office combined (United Way, 1998). The state does have punishment for these abusers. There are many laws is Arizona regarding domestic violence, however there are problems with the... ... Social Policy, and Violence, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 70, No. 5, 1996. Moore, Roberta. Advocate for the Oasis Crisis Center, University of Arizona, 1999. Neff, James; Holamon, Bruce; Schluter, Tracy. Spousal Violence Among Alglos, Blacks, and Mexican Americans, Journal of Family Violence, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1995. Vargas, Alexia. Split Decision, Wall Street Journal, Vol. CCXXII, Nove. 18, 1998. Wabnik, Alisa. Bill Proposes Prison for 3rd Offense, Arizona Daily Star, March 16, 1998. http://www.azstarnet.com/plusb-cgi/fastw... National Research Council. Lack of Research Hampers Strategies to Stem Violence Against Women. May 1, 1996. http://www.nap.edu/bookstore/lsbn/0309054257.htm. United Way of Greater Tucson. Special Report on Domestic Violence, 1998. http://www.unitedwaytucson.org/unitedway/report/domestic.htm.

To what extent can an HR manager ensure that policy / policies regarding developing people for performance in an organisation are put into practice

Introduction As it is a relatively new focus for modern organizations, human resources is increasingly viewed as paramount to a company’s success, as Cascio (1991) cited â€Å"people are our most valuable asset.† Long gone is the ideology of a company being represented by its assets and wealth, rather it is the personnel side of business which faces significant challenges, as Ulrich (1998) cited numerous ways in which human resources is invaluable to today’s business notably the use of organizational knowledge and adaptability to the ever changing business environment. Due to this focus on people in organizations human resource managers now arguably have more value than the majority of individuals operating in different functions (Lengnick-Hall and Lengnick-Hall 1988.) The majority of business academics support the newly formed metaphor of a business being an organism as opposed to the out dated view of a business as a machine or process, which was shown by O’Neill (2 007) to be evidently reductionist in the way it views organisational procedures. O’Neill highlighted that whilst the biological metaphor was clearly more complex, its acknowledgement of sub systems and informal mechanisms makes it much more suitable for the modern workplace, where human resource’s importance largely outweighs the more operational aspects of a business. HR and Competitive Advantage The role of human resources and human resource managers is now so vital to companies that many academics view the area as a source of major competitive advantage to a firm (Ferris et al 1999, Wright et al 2006.) This view sees that human resources as a function is best to be integrated into all of the businesses primary functions (Arthur 1994) and Miles and Charles (1984) even went so far as to include human resources as part of an organizations strategic decisional processes. However whilst many support this increased focus on the personnel side of a business, for instance Teece et al (1997) believed the transfer of knowledge and skills in developing the workforce is the only real dynamic capability a modern company can hold, Dunford et al (2001) highlighted that the human resource function has struggled to justify its position in organizations (see Drucker 1954, Stewart 1996.) Whilst the importance of people in organizations has little opposition, many view human resource professio nals to have limited importance on the workforce and implementing various policies. Whilst Barney and Wright (1996) examined and supported the importance of a human resource partner in running businesses, it could be argued that whilst making the relevant human resource decisions is necessary, using middle / junior human resource managers to promote these policies is more difficult. Gunnigle (1977) for instance noted that whilst senior management possesses a lot of authority in making personnel decisions, a range of different approaches is suitable for implementing policies, from a â€Å"high strategic integration of human resource issues in strategic planning to more piecemeal ad hoc approaches to managing human resources.† Human resources development As human resources has become so central to organizations, policies regarding developing a company’s personnel have emerged as the focal point for many academics. Defined by Swanson and Holton (2009) as â€Å"a process of developing and unleashing expertise for the purpose of improving individual, team, work processes and organizational system performance,† human resource development is seen by Nadler (1970) to contain three key components, these being training, education and development for the workforce. Developing policies to improve a workforces skills and successfully implementing them assumes a pivotal role in shaping a business’s strategy (Torraco and Swanson 1995.) In fact what Agrawal (1994, cited by Torraco and Swanson 1995) discovered is that whilst the majority of organizations have sufficient technology and policies regarding personnel development, in reality many employees are not actually trained sufficiently to use new equipment. This therefore im plies that managers need to take a more proactive approach in ensuring development policies are put into practice. However due to the vagueness of the development concept, Swanson and Holton (2009) simply look at it in terms of being a problem defining and solving process. The question then becomes what influence a human resources manager has in a modern workplace scenario to implement policies. Whilst Guest et al (2003) found a greater use of human resource management is associated with lower labour turnover and increased employee satisfaction, the actual power a human resources manager has over making changes to workforce policies is limited as seen by Miles (1965) due to the ideological gap between the workforce and managers. Miles used the example of the gap between how managers prefer a different personnel approach to their subordinates than to their superiors. This discrepancy showed that whilst managers welcome a focus on their abilities and development when regarding more se nior managers, they would rather adopt a human relations approach to the workforce, whereby the focus is on morale. Therefore managers in this position could be reluctant to use any formal power they may have to implement new policies. Kanter’s (1989) findings also point towards this conclusion, as Kanter discovered a number of changes in the employee – manager relationship, notably the reduction of power and distance between a manager and their subordinates. Whilst Kanter’s idea that managers now have to implement ideas through more interpersonal and informal means is appealing to a workforce, the concept of â€Å"managers are integrators and facilitators, not watchdogs,† could prove to be problematic when it comes to implementing strict policies on the workforce. Employee factors In order to fully analyse how a human resources manager can successfully implement workplace policies regarding development, various employee factors come into consideration. Firstly there is the importance of the style of communication used. As mentioned previously the distance between managers and workers particularly in large organizations necessitates the effective use of communication channels. According to Soliman and Spooner (2000) using a two way free flowing communication system is the most appropriate method of dealing with development, because it would allow not only for managers to communicate policies to the workforce, it would also allow two way feedback on the said procedures. This idea of a loop of communication regarding development is supported by Bradley (2002) who argued that a â€Å"coherent evaluation and feedback system† should be integrated into every new workplace policy. This is especially vital for development due to the highly personal nature of the issue. Only through effective feedback will human resource managers have the required knowledge about the workforce to ensure that suitable development policies are implemented. A relevant suggestion on how this ideology could be used in a modern business scenario was proposed by Mehra and Brass (2001) in suggesting the use of social networks to communicate feedback to managers. Another clear factor in a human resource manager’s ability to promote development policies is the emotional intelligence of the staff. Sy et al (2006) showed that high levels of emotional intelligence clearly correlate with workplace performance and satisfaction. This suggests that a manager with a highly emotionally intelligent workforce would have an easier time ensuring policies are put in place. Cherniss (2001) even went so far as to cite â€Å"self management† as a key component of the framework of emotional intelligence, implying perhaps that if a workforce was mature and skilled enough the job of the human resource manager would be completed by the staff. However whilst this may seem appealing to managers there is also a problematic issue with emotionally intelligent workforces. The majority of modern workforces possess clear elements of emotional intelligence and often utilise informal learning in their position (Eraut 2004.) Garrick (1998) noted the danger of this informal learning style, that it is not controlled in any way by the management team. With the increased trend for workplace environments to be based around intelligent project / task teams (Hechanova-Alampay and Beehr 2001) human resource managers could often find themselves facing insurmountable odds if they wished to implement unpopular policies. Therefore in order for managers to be able to put policies in place they must ensure in addition to there being effective communication channels in place that a degree of employee commitment is drawn from the workforce. Studies by Romzek (1990) proved the use of employees holding a psychological tie to their place of work, and highlighted the managerial influence on this subject. The way in which managers can ensure employees hold this commitment is displayed by Vischer’s (2006) ranges of environmental comfort. As long as employees show a certain level of comfort human resource managers should be able to implement new development policies. Managerial Factors There has been a large amount of research completed on the new role that managers now face in organizations, namely the human resource function where research seeks to provide guidance on how to deal with specific workforces (Geroy et al 2000.) This is largely due to the new styled work of managers as they face a changing psychological contract with their workforce and so need to build commitment in their implementing of policies (Hiltrop 1999.) This therefore means that managers need to adapt traditional managerial styles if they wish to have the power to put in place new development policies. Vischer (2005) used the example of the new style of managerial offices, where employees can view the managers working to symbolise the increased need for an interpersonal approach to managerial work. Whilst managers traditionally took a scientific based approach to implementing new policies, for instance the labour process conceptualization cited by Ramsay et al (2000) the modern way of reachi ng a workforce is via a transactional leadership approach. Not only does this feedback, group based style work in terms of productivity results alone (Deluga 1988) it gives managers more authority to properly put policies into practice. Bass’ 1985 study justifies this success of transactional leadership by noting an increased employee confidence. Bass noted that a contactable manager with charisma fulfils the traditional leader role that many workforces look for when deciding whether or not to adopt a new policy. However there are other factors a manager must consider when attempting to promote new development policies, primarily there is the direct influence the manager has on the individual. This is especially vital for development policies as they are regarding individual people and so workers would resist policy changes from a manager whom they feel has no connection or influence on the person that they are. Important factors in this topic range from the face to face nece ssity for successful managers, as Dambrin (2004) demonstrated how the reduction of this direct communication in home based telephone workers significantly reduces the need for managers altogether, to the findings by Cleveland et al (2003) which noted the increased influence that managers of similar ages to their staff enjoy. Whilst this element is of little use to many managers (as they cannot help their relative age to the workforce) the concept that employees are willing to accept policy changes from people whom they consider to be similar to them is extremely useful. Therefore the practical use of these findings is in the manager’s tactics in dealing with their staff. There is much research that centres on this factor (Furst and Cable 2008, Wayne et al 2006) and recent findings suggest that managers adopt a highly individualistic based style when implementing development policies, as managerial influence is not equally perceived by workers (Barton and Deschamps 1988.) Lawl er et al (2007) highlighted that older, more highly educated employees feel they should have more say in their own development. Therefore the avocation must be for managers to manage their workforce reactively, not according to a pre-set plan of action (Niederkofler 2002.) Conclusion This report has investigated the extent to which a human resources manager can realistically implement policies regarding development in their workplace. Firstly the importance of human resources as an organizational function was explored, from Cascio’s generic quote to how human resource is now seen as essential in many modern businesses (Teece et al 1997, Barney and Wright 1996.) As personnel development is undoubtedly a vital issue in modern organizations (Torraco and Swanson 1995, Nadler 1970) the issue became how a manager can overcome the ideological gap between themselves and the workforce (Miles 1965.) The aspects that allow managers to do this and successfully implement development policies were tackled in firstly terms of employee expectations for managers, where Mehra and Brass’ communication recommendations and Eraut’s views on emotional intelligence were a focal point, and secondly the managerial influences on their staff such as the use of transform ational leadership and the individualistic style proposed by Barton and Deschamps (1988.) In this way managerial work is very much a self fulfilling prophecy where their expectations for the workforce will likely become reality (Swanson 1995,) and in this context managers should use this information about how to approach issues to their advantage, due to the power value of information as seen by Goad (2002.) References Arthur, J.B. (1994) Effects of Human Resource Systems on Manufacturing Performance and Turnover. The Academy of Management Journal, Vol 37, No 3 (June 1994) pp 670-687. Barney, J. B. & Wright, P. M. (1997). 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Journal of Management, Vol 25, No 3 (June 1999) pp 385-415. Furst, S.A. Cable, D.M. (2008) Employee resistance to organizational change: Managerial influence tactics and leader-member exchange. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 93, Issue 2 (March 2008) pp 453-462. Garrick, J. (1998) Informal learning in the workplace: Unmasking human resources development. Routledge publishing. Geroy, G.D. Wright, P.C. and Jacoby, L. (2000) Toward a conceptual framework of employee volunteerism: an aid for the human resource manager. Management Decision, Vol 38, Issue 4, pp 280-287. Goad, T.W. (2002) Informational literacy and workplace performance. Quorum books, 88 Post Road West, Westport. Guest, D.E. Michie, J. Conway, N. Sheehan, M. (2003) Human Resource Management and Corporate Performance in the UK. British Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol 41, issue 2, pp 291-314. Gunnigle, P. (1977) Personnel Policy Choice: The Context for Human Resource Development. 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Resume Sample for Pharmacy

Mr. Venkatesh Jangala Phone: +91 9985398963 Email: venky. [email  protected] com Date of Birth: 23 november 1987 Address: D. NO; 3-578(A),Undavalli centre, Tadepalli(post), Gunturdist – 522501. Languages Known: English, Hindi, Telugu Objective: To be a part of an organization where my skills are put to an optimal use and which offers scope for knowledge and growth. Educational Qualifications: |Year |Degree/Certificate |University/Board |Marks obtained | |2012 |Master’s of pharmacy(pharm. hemistry)* |BITS Pilani, |7. 33/10 | | | |Hyderabad Campus |(CGPA) | |2010 |Bachelor of pharmacy |ANU(Acharya nagarjuna university) |79. 5% | |2005 |Intermediate |Board of intermediate education,A.P |93% | |2003 |SSC |SSC board,Andhra pradesh |87. 5% | Experiences / Projects: ? 6 months of internship at Hindustan Life care Limited,Kerala Worked in clean room(class 10,000) and performed Validation studies on clean room cleaning procedure in Blood bad department M. Pharmacy: ? Project- 1: Drug interaction studies for newer anti- TB drug. Studying of the metabolic interactions of a newer anti TB drug with other rugs in wistar rats such as Glipizide(CYP2C9 enzyme substrate) Ketaconazole( CYP3A4 inhibitor) by analysing the change in drug levels in plasma using RP-HPLC ? Project-2:Bio analytical method validation of a newer anti-TB drug. Analytical method development of a newly synthesised anti-TB drug using RP-HPLC with plasma samples and validating the parameters such as accuracy,precision and stability etc.. , Mini project(s) ? Pharmacophore modelling of adenosine receptor antagonists in alcohol addiction induced liver fibrosis Design of controlled released tablet formulations of verapamil hydrichloride and their physical evaluation. Others: Isolation of Hesperidin from citrus sinuses,and evaluation of hypo- glyceamic activity Hypo- lipidemic activity on rats . Technical Skills: ? Handling of HPLC, UV,FT-IR &dissolution apparatus ? Designing of Analytical and bio-a nalytical method development studies for newer drugs using HPLC and validation of analytical methods and instruments. ? Pharmacokinetic studies for a new formulation and drug. Documentation work in industries, design of quality assurance studies. Elective Courses: – Computer aided drug design. – Dosage form design Awards / Honours / Achievements: Published one paper on† Synthesis of highly potent novel anti-tubercular isoniazid analogues with preliminary pharmacokinetic evaluation† in Bio-organic and medicinal chemistry letters. Qualified GPAT & NIPER-2010. Extra-Curricular Activities: Organisation and participation in my B. pharm college. Won second prize in dancing competition held at my college

Rational Choice Theory Essay

A Significant theory to me will be the Rational Choice theory. This theory explains how people make decisions by seeking the most cost-effective means to achieve a specific goal without reflecting on the worthiness of that goal; to maximize personal advantage by weighing costs against benefits without moral or ethical values. It is a popular theory as it is an efficient system that explains and predicts a behavior of a person, and to larger extent, a collective group of people. Understanding this theory would allow a person to understand quickly how decisions are made, and the impact of the decisions on a society — how it functions and performs economically. Based on this theory, people’s measured decisions are often calculated based on financial benefits and costs. Singapore, by and large, has functioned on this theory, which has benefited from this tool of measurement and prospered since the days of nation building. However, this theory will work perfectly only if eve ryone in the society shares the same values, had perfect information, and the ability to make the most rational decisions at any point in time. People living in a society with homogenous values, such as Singapore, have similar behavioural patterns, which enable this theory to work. However, on a global scale, this theory will no longer work as peoples’ values are varied and culturally diverse. The most rational choice for one man might be an irrational choice for another. And when this occurs, there will be unpredictability and the results that follow can be disastrous. The Great Financial Crisis is a good example of the rational choice theory gone awry. Financial institutions’ goal is to maximize profits. To maximize profits, financial institutions have to find ways to create profits. One of these methods was to get creative with offering mortgage to people who wanted to own homes. Credit terms were made easy and the securities in place to safeguard the process were ignored. These consolidated loans were sold to big investment banks which resold them as securities offering high returns. Credit agencies working for these investment banks told investors’ that securities were safe. Selling a financial product based on a large group on loans was supposed to limit the risk if a few loans went bad. However, a large number of loans, later known as toxic, were borro wed by individuals with no financial means. Furthermore, many of these loans were offered in the form of adjustable rate mortgage, which started out with an initial period of low interest rate, and later ballooned up to three times the initial rate. All these borrowers were saddled with a monthly mortgage payment way beyond their monthly income. To make matters worse, the sprint to own a house on such easy terms had created a housing bubble, causing house prices to escalate astronomically. This phenomenon further pushed people to borrow way beyond their means. Consequently, millions of homeowners were unable to repay their mortgage loans. The financial institutions disregarded moral and ethical values to draw up shady credit schemes. Consolidated mortgages were bundled in with the toxic ones and resold for profits. Individuals felt the need to buy a house simply because everyone else was buying a house without the discretion of affordability and the hyper-inflated housing prices. Ea ch acted on imperfect knowledge to maximize personal benefits and disregard moral and ethical values. Rational choice theory can be an efficient method as a decision-making tool to attain goals, but it is definitely too simple an application on a macro context. To make a good decision, one has to balance cost-benefit analysis with moral and cultural factors.