Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Role Play

Reflection Paper Counseling Session Role Play Between Kristen (student/client) and Tiffany Ellison (Therapist) Tiffany Ellison Barry University Identifying health risk behavior My client Kristen came in for a follow-up session to focus on codependency issues, feeling overwhelmed with her mother, and not having time to focus on her. Kristen seems to be focusing all of her time on her mother and less time to herself. Kristen is aware that she is not strong enough to deal with overwhelming situations and realizes she needs to be focusing more on herself instead of trying to prove her strengths to everyone else.Kristen has many obligations to her mother; however in reality, she is giving an excessive amount of responsibility, commitment, and worries for another person, when she needs to be more focused on herself and her strengths. Kristen understands everything that a codependent person does is done to further establish self pitying thoughts of overdoing and of being taken advantage of and for granted. Kristen is also showing signs of intense emotional feelings and is completely overcome in mind and emotion and feels ill-equipped to cope with her stressors. Level of competence demonstratedThroughout the session, as the therapist I felt confident that I would be able to grasp the real true related issues that were affecting her life. I expressed empathy towards the client, by listening to her expressed thoughts and feelings while communicating back to her a desire that I can understand the client’s perspective completely. I also felt the need to express my feelings on her mother; however I did not do so and immediately reflected critical motivational interviewing skills by avoidance of arguing with the client about their need for her to change, by not answering the phone when her mother needs her at any given moment.Through this session I supported self-efficacy by helping the client believe in oneself and become confident that they can carry out the changes the client has chosen to pursue. At this point, in the session, it was very important to me to summarize the important components and how they collaborate with one another. My strong asset as a therapist is that I try to grasp a hold of one of the major issues discussed in the therapy session, and help the client elaborate more in detail, so I may then get a better understanding on each individual issue as it comes along.My client has a lot going on in her life at the moment, and by grasping onto one of her strengths out of her whole story she can reflect on, seemed to make her laugh and smile. Through out this part of the session, I could then have a better trusting relationship with the client by evoking the client’s views. Assessing client readiness Throughout this critical time during our session, I knew at a point that I was able to determine weather my client was ready for change.This point was determined when the client stated Client: â€Å"I enjoy salsa lessons; ità ¢â‚¬â„¢s a stress reliever for me† Therapist: â€Å"What can you do to get yourself more involved with things that you enjoy†? Client: â€Å"I could research for when they are having one†. Therapist: â€Å"Yes, you could† Client: â€Å"I can do that†. Therapist: â€Å"do you think that will help†? Client: â€Å"yes, I love to dance†. During this time, my client seemed honest in her exploration to research on what makes her happy. She was very eager and motivated to learn about the different options that she might have, to give time for herself. The stages of change have inspired instruments for assessing readiness to change or a client’s motivational change state. Depending on the level of readiness-or change stage- different motivational intervention strategies will be more or less effective† (Cox et al. , 2002). â€Å"Your clients must value a treatment goal to progress toward it. In fact, unless clients value them, the y are not goals from the clients’ perspectives† (Rollnick & Moyers, 2006). From a motivational standpoint, one should understand what the clients’ goals are and what they value in life.I was able to pinpoint this by acknowledging her strengths and how could the client research the area for any socializing events particular to her interests. Identifying Change Talk As discussed by Rollnick and Miller (2009), motivational interviewing is directed toward particular behavior change goals. A primary process in motivational interviewing is to help clients resolve ambivalence by evoking their own intrinsic motivations for change. When MI is done well, the client rather than the counselor voices the arguments for change.Throughout MI, particular attention is given to the client â€Å"change talk† which includes verbalizations that signify desire, ability, reasons, need, or commitment to change (Miller and Moyers, 2006). An example used to evoke change talk during the session was very direct: Client: â€Å"Should I not answer the phone every time that my mother calls me? Therapist: â€Å"What do you think you should do? † Client: â€Å"Probably, it might give me some quiet time†. Throughout this conversion, as the therapist, I responded with reflective statements, which summarized the change talk statements the client made.During this process, it was very important to me to understand that I acknowledged her ambivalence, but tried to reinforce the change talk. The point here is that when people talk or ask about what they think they should do, they are more likely to answer the questions themselves, which at that point initiates change talk. Identifying treatment approaches During my time in this session, I have identified many treatment options for this client. This client needs to continue more one-on-one individual therapy sessions, but also initializing journaling to be completed at home.With this specific homework assignme nt, I wanted her to express her feelings on paper by keeping a journal. During the session, speaking about a journal really seemed to make her laugh and smile. The purpose of this assignment is to make time for her; by identifying that she has a lot going on in her life and by putting aside a little extra time to reflect on her in writing, I feel would help make her aware of the feelings that seem to be so overwhelming. Another treatment approach I could identify is making a commitment to look into a women’s support group in her area.Not only will this give her time to reflect on herself, but also will help empower her to live a fulfilling and purposeful life of self-love. This will also give her a chance to socialize, and network. I feel as if the client will benefit from this experience overtime if the commitment is there. â€Å"Components of intrinsic motivation for change include both the client’s perception of the importance of change as well as his or her confid ence that change can be achieved† (Miller and Rollnick, 2009). References Cox, W. M. Klinger, E. ; and Blount, J. P. Alcohol use and goal hierarchies: Systematic motivational counseling for alcoholics. In: Miller, W. R. , and Rollnick, S. , eds. Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People To Change Addictive Behaviors. New York: Guilford Press, 1993. pp. 260-271 Miller, W. R. and Rollnick, S. (2009). Ten things that motivational interviewing is not. Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 37, 129-140. Miller, W. R. , & Moyers, T. B. (2006). Eight stages in learning motivational interviewing. 5, 3-17.

American Public Education

Maddie Mellor College Writing 24-102 Dr. Boggs American Public Education Today, education enables us to enlarge our knowledge and open doors for opportunities to the path of having a good future. In the five readings, each written by a different author, there was a lesson learned and something to take away from each one. Reading through the passages by Mann, Moore, Malcolm X, Gatto, Rose, and Anyon, each author contributed his or her point of view on general public education. This topic can be very argumentative depending on the quality of education people receive.Education today is the single most important mean for individuals to achieve their personal goals in the workforce. In Horace Mann’s â€Å"Report of the Massachusetts Board of Education,† he gives his opinion about all the different sorts of education. Examples such as, physical, intellectual, political, moral, and religious education all play a part in who we grow up to be. This is why quality education is so important. Horace Mann makes a point that public schools follow strict rules and curriculum, which transforms all students to become the same person.He asks the question, â€Å"Does education empower us? Or does it stifle personal growth by squeezing us into prefabricated cultural molds? † (Mann, page 123). The type of education we receive can critically shape and enhance our identities either in a negative or positive way. One example of a negative view would be the story written by Michael Moore. He explains how our country is simply a bunch of â€Å"idiots. † In the passage entitled â€Å"Idiot Nation† written by Michael Moore, he discusses his opinion on Americans today and our lack of knowledge.He feels like we live in a nation of idiots. Moore believes that although there is a large number of unintelligent people in our country, we all have the capability to be very smart and expand our minds to more things than we realize. He referenced high school senio rs and said that they are trained to live the same routine every day of their lives as students. Teachers tell them, â€Å"Don’t do this, don’t do that, tuck your shirt in, wipe that smile off your face, where’s your hall pass, and DETENTION† (Moore, page 134).Mostly every student today is treated like this and it is all they have ever known when it comes to discipline. Every student today has the same responsibilities and the same consequences if you do not fulfill them. I, as a former high school student, completely agree with what Moore discusses in this story because every student is looked upon the same way, and if a student wanted respect from faculty, he or she had to earn it. However, Moore’s credibility does not reflect much on his strong opinions about public schooling.Considering he was a college dropout over something as silly as not being able to find a parking spot doesn’t seem acceptable for us to care for what he has to prove about education. Being a responsible student and providing yourself the best education is partially up to the student themselves and each child in a public school has the capability to teach themselves anything they want to learn if they just put their mind to it. â€Å"Learning to Read† written by Malcolm X tells a story about himself and how he taught himself to read.Personally, I thought this was the most interesting to read about because it proves just how far one can actually come if he or she is driven and determined to accomplish something. Malcolm X was motivated by the knowledge he was surrounded with and wanted to be able to communicate. He was inspired by everything he had never known and said, â€Å"I was because of my letters that I happened to stumble upon starting to acquire some kind of a homemade education† (X page 210). At that point in his life, he was determined to do something no one has ever tried before, and that was to teach himself how to read .He said that, â€Å"the best thing I could do was get hold of a dictionary to study and learn some words† (X, page 211). Before long, Malcolm X was a fluent speaker and a very successful writer. He had a wide knowledge for speech and vocabulary because of the time he spent devoted to learning. However, there are things one can learn on their own just by going out into the real world. John Taylor Gatto wrote about the topic of boredom in his story â€Å"Against School. † He was an award-winning educator, so most believed his statements about education to be true because he was such a credible source.Gatto discusses his belief of having children learn more of what they will need to live on their own in the real world. He wants students to take their education with them out into the world instead of learning pointless material in public school that will never be applied to the real world. Gatto references this to boredom and uses it as an example of why some children do not enjoy school. Material that is required to be taught bores students easily, and does not expand their minds to subjects they are interested in. He asks, â€Å"Do we really need school?I don’t mean education, just forced schooling: six classes a day, five days a week, nine months a year, for twelve years† (Gatto, page 148-149). Students are trained to become addicts of everyday school and it strips them of responsibility and independence. Eventually, once we can understand the tricks and traps of public schooling, we can avoid them. In â€Å"I Just Wanna Be Average,† Mike Rose goes back to his years in school, in which he also referred to them as bottom level classes. Throughout his schooling, he was placed in low-ranking classes by accident, but decided to move on to the more academically advanced track.Rose goes in depth about each and every one of his teachers, and describes his classmates he was around during the time being during the time he was in the l ow classes. The students Mike Rose has class with were discouraging for him to be around and he mentioned that â€Å"the vocational track he was on, is most often a place for those who are just not making it, a dumping ground for the disaffected† (Rose, par. 159). He explains that his teachers acted like they could care less about teaching their students and instead use physical violence or a lack of lesson plans to control them.I personally believe that teachers today do not act this way. As a former high school student, teachers are encouraged to help their students with anything they might need. That is their job and what they are supposed to do is teach. If a teacher is not able to assist you in something, they simply are not doing their job correctly. Education is looked upon as a very important part of someone’s life and determines ones future. This simply shows that if students are driven enough to further their education and improve their lives, teachers are th ere to help guide them.In the last passage â€Å"From Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work,† Jean Anyon proposes that certain aspects of teaching show that there is possibly a hidden curriculum in schools based on the performance of the students as well as their social status. She investigated details of each school's curriculum from different areas and in most people's opinion, schools are ranked by their socioeconomic status as whole. Implying that the quality of education is worst for working class schools and best for the more elite schools, there are strategies to go above and beyond.Though she does not necessarily agree with this opinion, she does define the purpose of schoolwork, and she says, â€Å"Schoolwork helps one to achieve, to excel, to prepare for life† (Anyon, page 172). Between every twist and turn that is found through education. We are all here to achieve the same goal, simply because we want to be successful. It’s obvious that educ ation has improved over time and more people have been taking advantage of the opportunity to gain knowledge and better themselves.Each one of these authors proves important points to consider about education and to form your own opinion. There is a lesson learned and something to take away from each one. Each author contributed his or her point of view on general public education. This topic can be very argumentative depending on the quality of education people receive, however, education enables us to enlarge our knowledge and open doors for opportunities to the path of having a good future. Education today is the single most important means for individuals to achieve their personal goals and be successful. Mann, Horace. Report of the Massachusetts Board of Education. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford St Martins, 2012. * Moore, Michael. Idiot Nation. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford St Martins, 2012. 134. * Malcolm X, . Learning to Read. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford St Martins, 2012. 210-211. * Gatto, Jo hn Taylor. Against School. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford St Martins, 2012. 148-149. * Rose, Mike. I Just Wanna Be Average. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford St Martins, 2012. 159. * Anyon, Jean. From Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford St Martins, 2012. 172.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Project Management Organizational Structures Paper

A project organization is a structure that facilitates the coordination and implementation of project activities. Its main incentive is to create an environment that encourages interactions among the project personnel with a minimum amount of distractions, overlaps and conflicts. At the start of every project, it is important to first select the organization structure. On the basis of unique characteristics of the project, each project structure various forms its own advantages and disadvantages. The main goal of an organizational structure is to reduce confusion and uncertainty that is almost certain to occur in a project’s early stages. The structure defines the relationships among members of the project management and the relationships it has with its stakeholders. It does this by using an organizational chart. There are three organizational structures that will be the focus of this paper and they are functional structure, matrix structure and pure project structure. There are many project considerations that need to be taken into account when choosing a project management structure. The size of the project is one of the main concerns since it is an all encompassing topic that needs to be addressed early on in the timeline. Next is strategic importance. Who or what stands to gain from the success of this project? There is also the need for innovation and technology. Projects are sometimes meant to break boundaries and existing resources might not be able to cut it. The project manager needs to see if the required technologies will be developing along side the project to ensure it’s on time completion. Also, there is the need for integration, which is if multiple departments need to be involved. Sometimes departments run on different schedules and uniting them together means some very tricky scheduling. Having this schedule written up and agreed upon by all departments can make this much easier to accomplish. There is also environmental complexity, which is the number of external interfaces that could possibly affect the project during the course of its construction. Things like the weather, the government or people are some examples of things that need to be analyzed carefully to ensure they do not cause any significant delays. Lastly, and certainly the most important, is budget and time constraints and the stability of those resources. A project cannot go beyond just a blueprint of an idea without the time and money eeded to make it take shape. Sometimes a company needs to prepare for years in order to raise the required resources to even begin a project. It would not be hard imagine the forethought that goes into this. Also, finding the available time to dedicate to the project is a difficult task itself. How can a company allot time to a project without it hampering its everyday tasks? What good is a project if the resources going into cripple the company it is for? It is a delicate balance to maintain which cannot be decided on a whim. Once all of these concerns have been thought through, a management structure can finally be decided on. Each structure has its own advantages and disadvantages, which makes choosing the structures a fairly complicated task. Let us go through each of them to see what they are capable of allowing managers to do. The functional structure allows employees within the functional divisions of a company to perform a set of specialized tasks. Each department is staffed with the appropriate employees. Engineers stay in the engineering department and human resources stay in HR. It is a very clear cut method to keep the right people in the right place doing the job they are suited to do. The one downside to this structure is that there is very little communication between the different divisions. If there is an urgent change that needs to be done, it is very likely that all the divisions would be able to react at the same time. A functional structure is best suited for a producer of standardized goods and services in large volumes at low costs. Every department knows what it needs to do and how to do it. Let the divisions work on their specific tasks is basically the motto of this structure. The next structure to discuss is the matrix structure. In a matrix structure, employees are grouped based on function and product. The employees are selected based on strengths and weaknesses so that the entire group can cover for each other and form an effective team with all its bases covered. Individuals are chosen according to the needs to of the project and the project managers of each group are directly responsible for completing the project within the agreed upon deadline and budget. There are downsides however. Since every group has its own project manager, there can sometimes be a conflict between them over the allocation of resources. One group might need more money or time to finish their tasks, but that would leave the other groups with less to work with. Also, the independence granted to each of the groups can make it difficult to monitor them all if the need arises. Lastly, costs can increase exponentially if each group has more and more managers and sub managers. The last structure is pure project which gives the project manager total control over the project they oversee. Simply put, a pure project organization might also be termed a task force. In the case of a pure project, the leader of this task force would have to be given total authority for a limited period to solve a particular problem. The pure project structure offers powerful advantages of clear project authority, access to special expertise, project focus and priority. This also simplifies project communications since all messages and concerns are taken directly to the leader for them to look over and decide upon. The disadvantages, on the other hand, include a duplication of effort, intercompany rivalries, uncertain reintegration of resources and unclear motivations and loyalties. If a project has an all powerful leader, the project essentially becomes their project. It can potentially steer the project on a course that the rest of the staff does not agree with. This is another source of significant delays and can change what the project is about and affect its chances of success. All of these structures have their own strengths and weaknesses, which have to be adapted to the projects they support. A simply error in selecting the wrong one can spell disaster for a project before it even has a chance to start. A manager should look at every aspect of a project, both in the current time and in the near future; to decide which structure will give it the best chance to accomplish its objectives. After all, the structure is made to help the project along, not drag it down.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Auto Trade Agreements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Auto Trade Agreements - Essay Example The type of the investment strategy that the Nissan Company is using in Mexico is Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) strategy which has enabled this company to invest its assets in the country. A company can decide to invest directly in a certain nation in order to enjoy the benefits of Foreign Direct Investment strategy. However this strategy has its own shortcomings depending on the economic and the political conditions of the host country. 1a). Foreign Direct Investment as a strategy in investment has various advantages and disadvantages. One of the main advantages of Foreign Direct Investment is that a company is able to expand its market therefore making the company compete with other firms at a global level. New customers will be attracted and thus the company will be able to make more profits. FDI has improved the level of competition between various firms in that a company will strive at producing the best quality product in order to attract the customers and keep the business i n operation. For the Nissan company to prosper in the competitive market it must be able to make good quality cars that can easily attract customers. Through this investment strategy, the Nissan Company is able to integrate the use of the new technology that is available in Mexico. The new technology can help the Nissan Company to produce automobiles which are of improved quality as well as being unique in the market (Siddharthan and Lakhera, 2005). Foreign Direct Investment has enabled economic growth in Mexico as the host country. This is because investment in a country enables a nation to get finances or government income through the collection of taxes thus boosting the economic growth of the nation. The finances can as well be collected through the foreign exchange concepts. Through the FDI there is technology diffusion as well as knowledge transfer. In this context, the Nissan Company can benefit from the knowledge of the people of Mexico as well as integrating the technology of the Mexican people in the Automobile industry. Foreign Direct Investment also helps in the creation of job opportunities since the parent company will be willing to employ new people in the host country who will help in steering the company to success. The employment of skilled workers in the host country is also beneficial to the company in that these people understand the culture of their country thus it will be easy for these employees to interact effectively with the potential customers. Direct Foreign Investment has a negative impact on the domestic firms that are available in the host country in the Nissan Company might phase out many firms in Mexico which are not competitive in the market. The introduction of sophisticated technology in the Mexican market might threaten small firms thus making them to close down their businesses. The existence of too many firms that expand through the Foreign Direct Investment strategy might cause an increase in the inflation rates of Mexi co as the host country which will consequently lead to the rise in prices of good. The end result is that the Nissan Company will have to re-adjust its prices thus making losses in the long run. This strategy used by the Nissan Company enables it to gain the competitive advantage in the global market since the integration of new technology enables the company to produce high quality product that can compete at the global market

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Policies on Sexual Aggression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Policies on Sexual Aggression - Essay Example Federal and state law prohibits sexual harassment, therefore, the company where he is employed is committed to maintaining a work environment that is free of all forms of intimidation or sexual harassment as legally mandated. Every employee at the company, both male and female, is covered by the sexual harassment policy. The company identifies a common form of sexual harassment, quid pro quo harassment, in the following manner: "If submission to or rejection of the conduct is used and as a basis for an employment decision affecting the person rejecting or submitting to the conduct" (Anonymous Company Sexual Harassment Policy (ACSHP), 2007). The company does not give specific examples, however, I believe the policy sufficiently explains the concept. The company also lays out its policy against a hostile work environment, as it is identified and addressed with: "If the conduct has the purpose or effect of substantially interfering with an affected person's work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment" (ACSHP, 2007). Again, no specific examples are given, which in this case may be useful as many individuals may find the language of the policy ambiguous.

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Organisations Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organisations Law - Essay Example The legal aspects of managing a farm touch on areas, namely: biodiversity, chemical, management, occupational health and safety, livestock management, soil management, waste management, water management, and animal management. In most parts of the world, the commercialization of animal products such as milk remain increasingly subjected to food safety regulations that demand approval for facilities for processing such as pasteurization plants. As consumers increasingly focused on quality and safety attributes, the regulatory frameworks have become widespread, stringent and employed more frequently and rigorously. As such, is critical that the client is aware of the present food safety legislation that affects the proposed activities (Fortin, 2009). Daily processing business translates to an enterprise or activity in which dairy products entail milk, liquid milk products; cream and thickened cream; butter, butter concentrate, buttermilk; ice-cream and ice-cream mix; cultured milk and yoghurt; casein, and cheese; whey, whey cream, and concentrated whey cream. Bella Ridge Farm will manufacture homemade cheeses, yoghurt, and cream. The distinctiveness of goat milk, yoghurt, and cheeses has contributed significantly in driving the demand for goat milk. Bella Ridge Goat Farm will be located in New South Wales region of Australia. The demand for goat’s milk products has risen, mainly driven by people suffering from allergies and lactose intolerance. The goat industry is a niche market and the planned herd of 300 goats in the farm’s 75 acres. The aim of the business is to build the flock to 700 goats. The property on which Bella Ridge Farm sits was previously a certified organic goat dairy featuring a large cheese making facility on farm. The goat dairy and cheese factory are purpose-built and less than 5 years old. Other key facilities include plant and

Friday, July 26, 2019

Should Physician-assisted suicide be legal Essay

Should Physician-assisted suicide be legal - Essay Example The issue of legalisation of physician-assisted suicide at national and international levels has for a long time continued to trigger debate among people in the society and has resulted in diverse perspectives: while in some countries physician-assisted suicide is legal, in others, there is a great struggle between various groups to legalise it and allow people to carry it out when need arises. Those who support and those who oppose the legalisation of physician-assisted suicide argue on their justifications not only according to their thinking but also with consideration of the ethical perspectives (Lachman, 2010). Legalisation of physician-assisted suicide is not a simple decision to make because it involves contradicting perspectives against and for considering the effects it has on the lives of the affected individuals. The rights that people have prevent them from killing others even with any justification and support from any organisation as far as the choice and authorisation are not from the affected individual. ... In this respect, no person has the right to terminate the life of another person because the right to live does not offer any provision for a special case in which a person has to end the life of another. The right to live does not imply in any way the duty of any medical practitioner to induce suicide to a patient in whatever condition he or she may be, but rather the duty to protect life (Jeffrey, 2009). According to some proponents of legalising physician-assisted suicide, it would lessen the pain of the affected as well as their family members so that they contain it with ease. In this way, legalising physician-assisted suicide will allow suffering people to make consultations with the family members before they take the action and before parting because they will be able to set time for it. This would allow them to reduce the negative implications of the suffering individual and come up with a solution that will have benefits for the suffering and those ones who relate to them ( Lachman, 2010). Some people who support legalisation of physician-assisted suicide argue that individuals that are suffering have their own choices and they can decide to die with dignity rather than suffer from pain until death, which may take long to happen. This means that a person has a choice to make on the way he or she can end his life in circumstances that place him or her in a condition of suffering and without comfort, with minimal chances of surviving. As such, the suffering will need their right of choice to end his or her life be respected by the government bodies or other organisations which may have an opinion about the suicide (Jeffrey, 2009). Legalising physician-assisted suicide will help the patients with a terminal illness

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Egypt before and after the revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Egypt before and after the revolution - Essay Example I want to know more about the topic because I want to understand the history of oppressive regimes and their ending. My specific research question is: What happened to Egypt before and after the 2011 Revolution? My subquestions are: How did the Revolution develop? What are the important events before and after the 2011 revolution that affected and affect different sectors of society? Last month, I read articles from Katherine Zoepf, â€Å"A Troubled Revolution in Egypt,† and Mark Lynch, â€Å"America and Egypt after the Uprisings,† and they made me interested further in the Egyptian crisis. Zoepf’s article demonstrates that after the Revolution, some Egyptian women feel empowered, although the state and Islamic fundamentalists groups did not support women’s rights before and after the Revolt. Zoepf indicates the mixed effects of the Revolution on the advancement of women’s rights, precisely because these women have not yet fully determined the speci fic nature and direction of these rights. Because of this article, I wanted to know more about women’s rights and issues pre and post-Revolution. ... I also became dedicated in knowing more about the diverse economic, political, and social effects of the Revolution after two years. I already performed an initial research on the current updates regarding Egypt’s post-Revolution status. I was able to access articles from Hafez Ghanem, â€Å"Two Years after the Egyptian Revolution,† and Asma Alsharif and Yasmine Saleh, â€Å"Special Report: The Real Force Behind Egypt's 'Revolution Of The State'.† Ghanem focuses on the economic updates on Egypt, while Alsharif and Saleh talk about Egypt before the Revolution. These articles help me to further explore Egypt’s conditions as it goes through the post-Revolution status and its transition toward a government and society that Egyptians wanted. From these articles, I realized how difficult it is to start anew and that a Revolution is not the medicine for all social ills. I plan to move toward my thesis by researching more on the happenings before and after the Rev olution. I will read more on the topic and focus on my thesis: The 2011 Egyptian Revolution is not a product of overnight mobilization, but of decades of political repression and socio-economic problems, and so after it, the country continues to grapple with various social, economic, and political issues. The thesis will guide me to narrow my focus on important social, economic, and political events and conditions that surround the Revolution. List of Potential Sources al-Bishri, Tariq. â€Å"Understanding Egypt's Revolution.† Aljazeera.com, 18 Mar. 2011. Web. 10 Oct. 2013. . Alsharif, Asma, and Yasmine Saleh. â€Å"Special

The ownership of risk in Projects in the Gulf Cooperation Council Essay

The ownership of risk in Projects in the Gulf Cooperation Council region - Essay Example It is, however, not the case the pattern and the extent of this real estate boom is similar in case of all the countries in the GCC region, but the interesting thing is that market characteristics, outlook and environment of investment in most of the GCC countries are pointing towards the continuation of this current boom for some time in future. The ongoing boom in real estate sector of is not only significant for the growth of construction sector of this region, but also to the development of overall economy as construction sector is one of the most important economic sector of the region which significantly contributed to the GDP of this area. Given the importance of this sector to the overall economic conditions of the countries in GCC, it is very much important that the current pace is maintained in future also. In order to ensure that the real sector of GCC is growing at a rapid pace in coming years also, it is essential to manage the ongoing and upcoming investment projects in this sector very efficiently so that these projects could deliver desirable output. As far as project management in construction sector is concerned, it is not an easy task to perform by the project managers. This is because investments in construction sectors are exposed to a large set of risks. Hence, in order to ensure efficient management of the investment projects, it is first necessary to conduct efficient management of the risks associated with real estate projects. Project management is generally considered to be a complicated task which requires an efficient combination of knowledge, appropriate techniques and skills to be applied to the project related activities so that the expectations and demands of the shareholders from a particular project can be met adequately. Project risk management is a very crucial part of project management. In case of managing project risk efficiently, managers are required to identify and analyze various sorts of risks associated

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Personal Body Image Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal Body Image - Essay Example The researcher has collected many articles, research papers, and many other publications in the field and used them for a survey. Literature Survey as a method of data collection involves an extensive search for the similar studies across the globe and its careful observation. It includes books, articles, magazines, news paper, any other publications, and indeed internet. The findings observed from the sources are used as such in formulating some meaningful interpretation of the study. Once the researcher finds a useful study, he critically observes it so as to analyze it with reasoning. The study has used many findings put forward by various researchers who have conducted studies of similar nature at various places all over the world. This method requires the reading and comprehending capability as it involves the analytical and reasoning approach to find the varied results of the works. The data collected from earlier studies are arranged logically according to the objectives of th e present study. They are then presented chronologically so as to get a reader a clear picture about the subject matter of the study. The researcher will focus mainly on the findings of the study, which are used to find any deviation from the present study. ... This method requires the reading and comprehending capability as it involves the analytical and reasoning approach to find the varied results of the works. The data collected from earlier studies are arranged logically according to the objectives of the present study. They are then presented chronologically so as to get a reader a clear picture about the subject matter of the study. The researcher will focus mainly on the findings of the study, which are used to find any deviation from the present study. The methods used in the previous studies are manifold and some are overlapping in nature. Important among the previously used methods is the use of measurements that assess the multidimensional nature of body image. Conclusion The study explored the relationship between negative body image and its resultant dissatisfaction among the youth as well as old to effectively find out the factors that make them being suffered from psychopathologies. Body image and body dissatisfaction are important aspects of the self that have been shown to contribute to the development of eating disorders. Body dissatisfaction cannot be limited to youngsters alone; rather it is a common phenomenon felt by any body at any stage of his/her life cycle. Body dissatisfaction is prevalent across the life span that the impact it has on a person's self-esteem may lessen over time. As one grows older, the tolerance is greater in what changes occur in body and the total image. The authors found that men's self-rated attractiveness (e.g., body satisfaction) actually increased as they aged, whereas women's remained the same or decreased. It is interesting that this higher body satisfaction in men is not due to actual differences in physical attractiveness,

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Practical research assignment report outline Literature review

Practical research assignment report outline - Literature review Example Today there are more than 10 million possums in Northland alone (Northland Regional Council, 2014). The population has increased mostly owing to the non-existence of any natural predators of this pest. Studies have been done to understand the impact of possum infestation and fecal analysis of the pests has shown evidence of bird predation especially native forest birds. Possums are a major threat to local birds such as the kokako and kukupa (Landcare Research, 2014). Possums are also a major threat to the vegetation of New Zealand. It is estimated that possums feed on almost 21,000 tons of vegetation every single day (Landcare Research, 2014). Stoats are members of the Mustelid family which also includes weasels and ferrets. By 1880, New Zealand, had already suffered problems from harmful pests such as rabbits and hares. Stoats were imported from Britain and introduced in New Zealand as biological control for rabbits. Today, stoats are widespread in most parts of New Zealand and have themselves become mammalian pests. They are extremely adaptable to any living conditions where they may find food (Dept. Of Conservation Te Papa Atawhai, 2014). Stoats are a major concern since they are a natural predator of several native birds of New Zealand such as the bush canary (yellow head) and kaka. They not only destroy the nests of the birds but also feed on their eggs and nestlings. This has led to sharp decline in the population of these forest birds. In New Zealand three kinds of rats- the common rat, Pacific rat and kiore rat have been introduced. Kiore rats were introduced by the Maori as source of food. However today, rats pose a major threat to the biodiversity of New Zealand since they feed on birds, bird eggs and other small invertebrates such as lizards. Use of chemicals to manage pests has been proved to be efficient. In 2011, an efficient and humane toxicant Para-aminopropiophenone was introduced. This

Monday, July 22, 2019

Ichthyosis Essay Example for Free

Ichthyosis Essay While the ichthyoses constitute a rather large spectrum of about 20 cornification disorders that fit the definition and about 10 with more localized symptoms, they all are various permutations of a hyperkeratotic skin disorder that are characterized by an overgrowth and thickening of the corneal layer of the epidermis with localized erythema, and are classified from their; genetic or acquired origin, inheritance patterns, gene defects, etiologically as enzyme deficiencies, structural protein defects, regulatory protein defects, or other, and clinically as a syndromic ichthyosis, non-syndromic ichthyosis, or as a related condition. The term â€Å"ichthyosis† is derived from the Greek word ‘ichthys’ meaning ‘fish’. And aptly named as it is, a patient with ichthyosis will present with scaly dry ‘fish-like’ skin. The severity of scaling in ichthyotic patients runs a very broad spectrum, from severe to mild, where it blends into the realm of ‘dry skin’, or xerosis. The most minor of the ichthyoses, ichthyosis vulgaris, in its’ more mild forms, presents with light flaking and irritated apperence can be confused with simple xerosis. While the skin of patients with lamellar ichthyosis, is characterized by heavily pigmented, plate (armor) like armor scales that are both obvious and often debilitating. And while all forms of ichthyosis present with a flaky or scaly appearance, several other characteristic clinical features are used as hallmarks of a particular types of ichthyosis so as to distinguish them from one another. In general congenital forms such as lamellar ichthyosis, congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, and ichthosis bullosa will present at birth with a yellow, tight and shiny, ‘collodion-like’ membrane which sheds in 2-3 weeks to reveal a flaky dry skin and in cases of ichthyosis bullosa, redness and blistering, especially over flexures. The traits of congenital ichthyosis, from obvious scaly appearance, to inflexibility and pain, are all permanent and life-long conditions that even after stabilization and survival are strongly inhibitory to normal psychological and sociological development. With such a dramatic difference in appearance and physical performance, ichthyosis sufferers are very nearly always ostracized as children, often with negative effects and stunted development. The two basic types of ichthyosis are defined by their method of origin as either genetic or acquired. In inherited ichthyosis; specified as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked, a mutation in a gene causes an abnormality in the normal life cycle of skin, leading to a build-up of excess skin either because of the overproduction of the replacement skin cells or because when the time comes when old cells have to be drop off they do not separate very well from the surfaces of the skin. This disruption will result to accumulation of skin cells to thick flakes which may look like fish scales, adhering themselves to the body. Acquired ichthyosis often appears as a manifestation of systemic disease, described in association with malignancies, drugs, endocrine and metabolic disease, HIV, infection, and autoimmune conditions It is usually is associated with people who have Hodgkins disease but it is also occurs in people with mycosis fungoides, other malignant sarcomas, Kaposis sarcoma and visceral carcinomas. It can occur in people suffering from leprosy, AIDS, tuberculosis, and typhoid fever. With such a rate of variation between the severity of various ichthyotic conditions and the degrees of variance within the conditions themselves, it is impossible to place a single prognosis or plan of treatment on ichthyosis or any ichthyotic condition in particular. In actuality since ichthyosis is such a rare disorder with such a low rate of incidence; with the most common, ichthyosis vulgaris at 1 in 250, X-linked at 1 in 6,000 in males and ichthyoses in their entirety at about 1 in 250,000, more often the not, it must be evaluated and treated on a case to case basis. However despite the tremendous margin of difference between conditions the basic objective remains the same, to aid the skin in retaining moisture, shedding, and in the promotion of a softer, suppler, more flexible skin surface. While no cure for ichthyosis exists the current treatment options for an ichthyotic patient are topical therapy, bathing, and mechanical scale removal, along with psychosocial support for patient and family via patient organizations. Topical therapy focuses on the regeneration of the epidermal barrier by water binding, Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) reduction and reformation of the lipid barrier or anti-inflammation with the regular use of ointments containing lipids, keratolytic, and/or hydrating substances. Therapeutic bathing seeks to loosen scales and residual medications in addition to hydrating the skin with bland baths up to twice a day with sodium bicarbonate, wheat, corn, or rice starch, during which scales and hyperkeratoses are mechanically removed using repetitive gentle rubbing using microfiber household towels, pumice stones, or special silk gloves. Typically the prognosis for very poor for infants born with the most severe ichthyoses, such as epidermolytic hyperkeratosis and harlequin ichthyosis where the child is born with severe blistering and huge, thick scales punctuated by deep fissures, if the infant doesn’t die within the first few days of life from dehydration, the next several weeks leave the neonate extremely prone to infection, sepsis and death. While if an infant does survive into its’ first few months of life, the chances of survival are relatively good, as with the other degrees of ichthyosis, once the conditions’ more life-threatening symptoms have been stabilized, the survivability rate is much better and work can begin to be done on improving the quality of life. In cases such as these tremendous advancements have been made with the introduction of specialized intensive care units and a recent evolution of Retinoid medications, along with the various creams, salves and ointments aimed at moisturizing the skin and aiding the skin in shedding. Of the topical lotions, ointments and creams themselves, advancements have been made in the use of nanotechnology, in order to more finely mill the medications in the salves into nano-sized particles, greatly increasing the absorption into the skin and productiveness of topical treatment. Since ichthyosis is a genetic disorder the search for an absolute â€Å"cure† has been largely limited to gene therapy and stem cell research, the latter of which is hindered by legal and ethical debate, while the former has been extremely restricted since a string of gene therapy related deaths in 2002, since which gene therapy has been largely limited to severe autoimmune diseases with fatal prognosises. So the bulk of ichthyosis-related research has been directed toward creating new products to alleviate the symptoms and provide a higher standard of living. However in 2009, a major victory was won for the sufferers and researcher of inherited ichthyosis, when the conclusion of the First Ichthyosis Consensus Conference held in Soreze, France, on January 23 and 24, 2009, where subcommittees on different issues proposed terminology that was debated until consensus was reached. The classification project started two years prior, at the First World Conference on Ichthyosis in 2007. And after its’ completion, allowed for a universal system of taxonomy was adopted for the nomenclature involving inherited ichthyosis. Works Cited http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1198130-overview

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Social Distance and Regulatory Focus Effect on Over Choice

Social Distance and Regulatory Focus Effect on Over Choice The effect of social distance and regulatory focus  in the context of overchoice ABSTRACT The current research examines whether regulatory focus vary according to social distance (self, close friend, stranger), and investigated whether the self-other decision making in over-choice contexts induce a reversal choice overload effect to an individual. 21 undergraduates rated satisfaction in accordance with social distance after selecting colours using swatches either few or many options. Against previous research, the post-satisfaction was higher when participants make decision for themselves. Moreover, there was a choice over load effect but no reversed effect when participants make decision for others. Thus participants tend to use promotion regulatory focus for self and prevention focus for others. Further research need to investigate this area in greater depth. Introduction Decision making is the cognitive process of selection a logical choice from the available options. The economic models of behaviour known as rational choice theory assume that individuals take into account each piece of relevant evidence to ensure that they come up with the optimal decision making in all situations (Becker, 1976). These models, however, do not match actual behaviour. Rather than evaluating costs and benefits or calculating probabilities, what is actually decided can depend on the context of situations (KahnemanTversky, 1973). There has been a consequent increase in studies designed to determine decision making strategies which may be appropriate in various cases. Regulatory focus theory is an example of decision making strategies. The theory posited by Higgins predicts the two orientations to purse a goal: promotion and prevention (1997). A promotion focus emphasizes accomplishments and advancement with approaching gain. Alternatively, a prevention focus emphasizes safety and responsibility with avoiding loss. The utility of gain or loss is considered subjective and depends on the difference that it will make to the reasoner’s self-regulation. For example, a small gain is worth more to someone who has little (promotion) than to someone who has a lot (prevention). An interesting point is that the self-regulation is applied to make choice for others in different way; while individuals who make decision for themselves prefer avoiding losses, people who make decision for others prefer acquiring gain (Kray, 2000; Polman, 2011). Researchers have found that risk taking increased when participants were choosing on behalf of others compared to when choosing for themselves (Stone, Yates, Caruthers, 2002; Beisswanger et al, 2003; Sabrina et all, 2007). Polman suggests that this is because personal decision makers tend to use prevention focus (i.e. loss aversion), and conversely, proxy decision makers use promotion focus (i.e. risk preference) (2012B). This self-other theory is connected to the construal level theory (CLT) which describes the relation of psychological distances. The general idea is that the more distant an object or event from the individual, the more abstract the conceptualisation and perception (Trope Wakslak, 2007). As a result, peop le tend to engage in more risky behaviour in high-level construal than low-level construal. According to Polman’s study (2012A) choice overload effect had interaction in reversal since proxy decision makers used promotion focus. The theory called â€Å"choice overload†, also referred to as â€Å"paradox of choice†, describes that people have trouble making optimal choices when confronted with plethora of choices with lower satisfaction (Iyengar Lepper, 2000; Schwartz, 2004). On drawing of the self-other decision making theory and choice overload effect, Polman reported that when participants chose for others, decisions comprising more options were more satisfying than decisions comprising fewer of choices with various kinds of choices (e.g. paint swatches, wine, ice cream flavours, school courses) in six studies. Among those studies, the first and fourth studies which used paint swatches developed the theory by using self-construal: the extent that others are included into the self-concept. While the first study examined the interaction between self-other theory and overload effect, the fourth study tested personal disposition and divided participants into interdependent self-construal group and independent self-construal group; who expected to show low social distance with others or who expected to show high distance with others (Elliott Coker, 2008). The results indicated that people who have promotion focus (i.e. proxy decision makers and independent self-construal group) exhibited a reversed choice overload compared to participants who have prevention focus (i.e. personal decision makers and interdependent self-construal group). It is, however, difficult to generalize as there can be numerous decision making methods which is each approach often claims to be the more effective method. Most of all, it is doubt whether a person would show the same propensity when s/he make decision for self and others at once (at the same time), rather than making decision for self or others separately based on individual’s personality. Social distances also need to be subdivided into three (low, middle, high) rather than two (low, high) pounder over CLT. Current research, therefore, examined 1) if an increase in three subdivided social distance generates a higher level of satisfaction to a person depends on whom the decision is for, 2) if a choice overload effect is present when selecting a choice for self and a reversal choice overload effect is present when selecting a choice for others. Method Participants There were 27 participants, 14 in few and 13 in many choices. 21 women and 6 men were allocated randomly. The participants ranged in age from 19 to 22, with a mean age of 20.29 years (SD=1.06). All participants were level two psychology undergraduates at Sheffield University. Materials A limited array (8 colours) or an extensive array (35 colours) of paint swatches was used in each condition of choice array (Appendix1). The colours were labelled with numbers to avoid any confounding. A questionnaire was used to instruct scenario and choose a colour (Appendix2). Follow-up questions were used to record the main dependent measure (post-choice satisfaction and regret) using a 10-point scale, anchored at 1 (not at all) and 10 (a lot) (Appendix3). Data analysed using SPSS. Design The experiment had a two-way mixed design. The related measures independent variable was the decision maker role (social distance) with three levels (self, close friend, stranger). The unrelated measures independent variable was the number of choice options with two levels (Few, many). The main dependent variable was participant’s post- choice satisfaction measured by the level of satisfaction and regret. Procedure Participants took part in experiment individually and instructed to follow the scenario on the questionnaire. Half of the participants made selections from self, close friend and stranger in order, and the other half made selection in reverse order to counterbalance. The participants were asked to select a colour what they would like to use in their own and other’s bedroom among either 8 or 35 colours. After selecting a colour, the participants rated satisfaction and regret for their choices from 1 to 10 scales. When participant had no further questions, they received a debrief describing the study’s aim. Results An alpha level of .05 was used for all statistical tests. Prior to analysing ANOVA, Shapiro-Wilk test and outliers were obtained to examine the distributions for the primary dependent variable satisfaction. Although the Shapiro-Wilk showed each data were from a normally distributed population except a small number of participants who make decision for others in many choices option (p=0.29, others overall p>.05), there was large inconsistency between satisfaction and reversed regret regarded as a result of either participant’s misunderstanding or unconcern about the experiment with low reliability (ÃŽ ± =0.186, 0.560, 0.788 respectively). Six participants, therefore, who showed an inconsistency of more than four, were excluded as bivariate outliers. The regret score was reversed and combined with satisfaction into one scale (ÃŽ ± =.674, .805, .892 respectively). Levene’s test indicates that variances are homogenous for all levels of repeated measures variables (p=.260, . 333, .057 respectively). Hence, data collected from 21 participants (11 in few 10 in many options) were analysed using a mixed-design factorial ANOVA with a within-subject factor of social distance (self, close friend, stranger) and a between-subject factor of options-choice array (few, many) to examine the effects of choice overload on self-other decision making. Since Mauchly’s test had been violated (W=.60, X2(2)=9.19, p=.01), degrees of freedom were corrected using Greenhouse-Geisser estimates of sphericity (ÃŽ µ = .714). The analysis revealed that there was a significant main effect of social distance (F(1,27)=11.14, p=.001, ÃŽ ·p ²=.370) with higher satisfaction for self-decision making (M=8.74, SD=.903) than close friend (M=8.28, SD=1.09) and stranger (M=7.41, SD=1.94) (Figure 1). However, the data in Figure 2 show that there was there was no significant main effect of choice overload nor reversed effect (F(1,19)=.567, p= .461, ÃŽ ·p ²=.029), with slightly higher satisfaction in Few (M=8.33, SD=1.09) than Many (M=7.95, SD=1.83). These main effects were not qualified by the significant social distance and choice overload interaction (F(1,27)=1.62, p=.211, ÃŽ ·p ²=.0.79) (Figure 3). Discussion Overall, there was a significant difference on social distance, but was not neither self-other effect nor reversed choice overload were observed. Rather, the results demonstrated the completely opposite effect to previous study. Although there was a significant difference among social distance, the participants’ satisfaction was higher on choice for self than close friend or stranger. Moreover, participants did not exhibit any pattern of reversed choice overload, but did of choice overload when they make decision for others. These results indicated that participants used promotion focus for self and prevention focus for others. Thus, there was no evidence to support Polman’s claim. To understand the results of the current experiment some implications can be taken into consideration. Perhaps the most obvious explanation is that the self-other theory and reversal choice overload is not always pre-eminent away from other strategies. This may because multiple conflicting criteria need to be evaluated in making decisions. Phrasing equivalent choices as situations involving a loss or a gain, therefore, can alter the choices people make in way that do not accord with normative theory. On account of contradictions, some decision making methods that weight against to our prediction may explain the reason why personal decision makers showed promotion focus, while proxy decision makers showed prevention focus. First of all, the opposite effect of social distance may due to regulatory fit theory. When people believe that there is a math between orientation and a goal, they will intensify response (e.g. more positive response for positive dicision) by feeling rightness about pursuit a goal (AvnetHiggins, 2003; Higgins, 2000, 2005). Regulatory fit may not directly affect the judgements, but influence a persons belief in their reaction to the object or event (AakerLee, 2006). If participants had a colour with high preference in the swatch they used, therefore, it would be no surprise why they rated higher satisfaction on personal choice. Second, a hypothetical scenario could have influence on experiment. CLT is not restricted to social distance but expanded to the idea of temporal and hypothetical distance (Pennington Roese, 2003). For instance, temporal distance may create confliction with social distance in that the decision people make for future selves and other people tend to be similar to each other but different from their present decision (Pronin, Olivola Kennedy, 2008). According to Gilbert et al (2004), when attributing the cause of problem people tend to blame themselves in hypothetical situation, but often blame external circumstance in real situation. This probably led participants to feel the sense of responsibility on proxy choice. Finally, reciprocal determinism may be the answer. The reciprocal property predicted to play important role when combining the judgements of several individuals for the group (Saaty, 2008). Some researchers also have argued that people tend to feel more regret when the problem is important in the context in social (Janis and Mann, 1977), especially when others have interests with the decision (Zeelenberg, 1999). This can alter the participants’ regulation focus. In conclusion, the finds suggest that the reversed choice overload of proxy decision makers have no predominance effect on overall participants’ satisfaction. The failure to find the effect appears to have theoretical implications. Further research should test whether the reversed effect can be generalized with other decision making strategies and investigate more reasonable explanations for difference if it shown to exist.

British Broadcasting Company (BBC)

British Broadcasting Company (BBC) The British Broadcasting Company (BBC) was established on October 18, 1922. It was established under the hands of some wireless manufacturers including Guglielmo Marconi (Marconi), inventor of the radio. In 1927, the companys name was changed to the British Broadcasting Corporation. The BBC is the largest and popular broadcasting companies in the world. The BBC London office alone has 10,000 employees. It is publicly-owned and funded by a television license fee that everyone with a television has to pay. The structure of the BBC is very complex. There are more than 150 subsidiaries and joint ventures, divided into 16 main divisions and out of which nine are broadcasting divisions. In Britain the BBC has got eight television channels and ten radio networks along with 46 local and national radio stations. It has its own website called online site bbc.co.uk. The nine broadcasting divisions are: * Television * Radio and music * News * National and regions * Sports * Factual and learning * Drama, Entertainment and CBBC * New media and technology * BBC world service and global news The BBC networks (like BBC1, BBC3, and Radio 1) are managed by these nine areas. The other five divisions provide the support to program-making and channel-running. Without these the BBC couldnt function. * BBC People * Finance, Property and Business affairs * Marketing, Communications and Audiences * Policy and legal * Strategy and distribution Literature review: Strategic management is a systematic analysis of external and internal environmental factors in order to provide necessary information for effective management practices. In short the strategic management process is explained as below: 1) Formation of vision 2) Preparing mission statement with respect to vision 3) Framing objectives with respect to mission 4) Developing strategies to achieve objectives 5) Implementing strategies 6) Evaluating performance. Cultural web of BBC: Aligning your organizational cultural with strategy. Culture determines how we do the things around us. Once organization adopts some ways of doing particular things in a particular manner and people following it makes the culture. It is very difficult to change the culture of an organization, but dyke was very much success in changing the culture of BBC from bureaucratic to clan control. The difficulties associated with BBC are: 1) Launch of ITV (independent Television) has decreased BBCS market share to as low as 28% 2) Reduced viewers because of the introduction of satellite and cable television in the UK. 3) In 1990 BBCS in- house production department was affected by the broadcasting act of 1990, which states that all television channels are required to source 25% of their television programs from independent producers. 4) The another problem faced by the BBC was low employee morale 5) The work is decentralized 6) No co-ordination between employees of the firm was the major problem 7) There was no mutual trust and employees were not willing to collaborate with each other. The models followed by the BBC before Dyke took the charge: Bureaucratic model: BBC was following bureaucratic model, which Dyke found, it was not suitable to the BBC because, those models will aim at only efficiency through framing strict rules and regulations. Everyone in the organization is bound to follow the rules even though the rules do not meet the persons capabilities. Some employees who have new ideas were also lacking behind because of these rules, which generally restricts their responsibilities. The models and programs of BBC implemented after dyke took the charge: 1) The rational goal model: this model focuses on the organizations ability to achieve its goals. An organizations goals are identified by establishing the general goal, and finding easy ways to achieve the general goals in turn which lead to achievement of organizational goals. 2) The managerial process model: A productivity of various managerial processes like decision making, planning, budgeting, is analyzed for achieving goals. The benefits of this model are: * Improves supervisory behavior and concern for workers * Increases team spirit, group loyalty, and teamwork among workers and between workers and management * Develops confidence, trust and communication among workers and between workers and management * Gives more freedom to set own objectives. 3) Organizational development model: This model also increases the organizations ability to work as a team and to fit the needs of its members. The benefits of these models are same as Managerial process model. 4) The structural functional model: this model tests the durability and flexibility of the organizations structure for responding to a diversity of situations and events. The benefits of this model are: * Helps the organization to be secured in relation to the social forces in its environment. * Improves stability of lines of authority and communication. * Improves stability of informal relations within the organization. * Continuity can be seen in policy making. 5) McKinsey Seven S models: this model helps in facing the competitors by analyzing Strength, weaknesses, opportunities, threats {SWOT} of BBC and there by working with respect to the areas where the BBC is weak. The diagram below explains the seven S of this model. Mckinsey 7 s model Clan control: MR. Dyke followed Clan control policy which represents cultural values almost the opposite of bureaucratic control. Clan control works well with values, beliefs, corporate culture, shared norms, and informal relationships to regulate employee behaviors and achieving organizational goals. Critical analyses of the programs implemented in BBC are: MAKING IT HAPPEN On February 07, 2002, Dyke announced the new program One BBC: Making It Happen, in-order to drive internal change at the BBC. The goal of this program was to make the BBC the most creative organization in the world by the year 2007. Dyke wanted to achieve this by giving more freedom to the people, encouraging new ideas, and changing the work culture. He also aimed at building trust among the employees, making them feel more valued, and improving the leadership capabilities of the people in higher positions. In the first step, Dyke and the BBCs senior management identified 7 areas where changes will make a huge difference. Dyke wanted the BBC employees to give their suggestions on how to improve the company in the seven areas through an appreciative inquiry process. For this, he initiated a consultation program called Just Imagine in which seven teams formed on the basis of the seven areas for change; he consulted the staff and managers across the organization. The teams headed by a leader, would record the various suggestions and ideas, come up with proposals for change, and report these to the Executive Committee. Along with 7 teams, 17 divisional teams were formed to carry on Making It Happen at the divisional level and developed the change plans. The consultation process started with the teams hosting the sessions which included a group of employees ranging between 25 and 200 at a time. During the sessions, the employees were asked to explain their most memorable experience at the BBC and the situations that helped in creating the experience and the steps to be taken to make the memorable experience a routine at the BBC. By September 2002, nearly 7,000 employees had voluntarily participated in the sessions, providing ideas and suggestions along with a number of issues. For instance, some employees highlighted that the BBC lacked a proper induction program, which had resulted in a number of new employees leaving the organization within six months of their joining. BBCS SEVEN THEME TEAMS †¢ Inspire Creativity Everywhere: Led by Helen Boaden, Controller Radio 4. This team gathered feedback on ways to improve creativity across the organization. †¢ Connect With All Audience: Led by Jane Root, Controller BBC Two. This team collected ideas on how to connect with audiences of all ages. †¢ Value People: The team, led by Jerry Timmins, Head of Americas, World Service, recorded ideas to create a better relationship among the employees. †¢ We Are The BBC: The team, led by Roger Mosey, Head of Television News, consulted employees and asked them about the steps to be taken to promote oneness among the employees. †¢ Just Do It: The team enquired the steps to be taken to reduce bureaucracy and transform the BBC into a can do organization. The team was led by Sara Geater, Director of Rights and Business Affairs. †¢ Lead More, Manage Less: This team believed that management is about leadership and emphasized that employees should be led rather than controlled. It dealt with what the employees wanted from their leaders. The team was led by Andy Griffee, Controller, and English Regions. †¢ Make Great Spaces: Led by Shar Nebhranjani, Head of Finance, New Media, the team dealt with making the working environment more exciting and creative. Dyke also introduced upfront for London based employees and the outcome is the formation of 6 groups. They are: †¢ One BBC: To create a closer organization. †¢ Leadership: To have great leadership. †¢ Audiences: To inspire and connect to a diverse audience. †¢ Creativity: To be the most creative organization in the world. †¢ Great spaces: To create better places to work. †¢ People: To provide better benefits, etc. THE BIG CONVERSATION On May 15, 2003, Dyke arranged a nationwide meeting of the BBC staff, which he called The Big Conversation. The London station was connected to all the BBC offices across Britain. Nearly 17,000 employees participated in the live interactive event and raised about 3,500 questions. This program was aimed at communicating the steps that would be taken to implement the changes. According to Dyke the important issue that came out of this conversation is related to complaints related the poor management standard. Many employees complained that they were being bullied rather than managed. Dyke found out that the BBC had good leaders, but not many, as there werent any leadership development programs. He was looking for employees to be led well. Any person handling more than 2 employees was put under the program and BBC willing to spend up to  £40 million on leadership development over the next 5 years. BBCS LEADERSHIP PROGRAM This program was developed using the feedback of Just Imagine sessions. The employees wanted to have a good relationship with their managers and good leadership across all levels. Its been found that BBC had 52 different leadership development programs across 17 divisions and that this had resulted in a difference in leadership capabilities across various divisions. During consultations the employees said that they felt the nice when their managers, supported, motivated, trusted and treated them with respect. These aspects were kept in mind while describing the qualities of a leader. The training program would run for six months. The leadership program was developed by BBC senior managers and the Ashridge business school staff. The BBC also involved some of its partners and customers in developing the leadership program. The program, designed around BBC values, was aimed at change in the behaviour of the employees with their subordinates and also aimed at training them to deal with problems that they could encounter as leaders such as managing incompetent staff. Before the start of the program, the managers are nominated for the training by their reporting manager and they were given 360-degree feedback in the company of a professional psychologist. This provided them with their objectives, which will be used for evaluating the progress after the training. The program started for all the 3 levels of leaders with 1 day workshop in which they learned about BBC leadership and important concepts of leadership such as collaborative working etc. Learn gateway provided learning content and material for the employees after the training. Connect gateway enabled the employees to share their knowledge; skills while Talk gateway enabled helped to debate, discuss various topics. Dyke was finally successful with his approaches and programs for a good period of time and thereby helping the BBC to retaining to its original position. References: Books Johnson,G,Scholes,K,whittington,R (2008).Exploring corporate strategy. 8th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. p215-557. Johnson,G,Scholes,K,whittington,R (2005).Exploring corporate strategy. 5th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. p233-563. Electronic sources BBC. (6th September 2001).The Competitive Forces Business Model.Available: http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A593345. Last accessed 26 March 2010. Weber,M. (1920).Business Systems The Bureaucratic Model. Available: http://www.bola.biz/systems/bureau.html. Last accessed 26 March 2010. Barnat, R. (2005).The Managerial Process Model.Available: http://www.strategic-control.24xls.com/en128. Last accessed 26 March 2010. Mckinsey. ().7 S model.Available: http://www.managingchange.com/bpr/bprcult/mckinsey.gif. Last accessed 26 March 2010. Mind tools. (2010).The cultural web.Available: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_90.htm. Last accessed 26 March 2010. Business dictionary. (2010).strategic management.Available: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/strategic-management.html. Last accessed 26 March 2010. Open learning. (2010).Process of strategic management.Available: http://www.openlearningworld.com/olw/courses/books/Introduction%20to%20Strategic%20Management/Strategy%20Development/The%20Process%20of%20Strategic%20Management_files/image002.gif. Last accessed 26 March 2010. Bolender. (2009).strategic management process.Available: www.bolender.com//BBA4073%20Strategic%20Planning%20and%20Policy. Last accessed 26 March 2010. Kumar,V. (2006). Leadership traning and development at the BBC.ICFAI. 1 (1), p1-13. Froud,J,Johal,S,Leaver,A,. (June 2009). Stressed by Choice: A Business Model Analysisof the BBC.SSRN. 20 (2), p252-264.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

First World War Poets Essay -- World War One Poets Poetry Poems Essays

First World War Poets The First World War poets were able to affect the emotions of their readers. Choose two or more poems that have affected you in some way, and analyse how the poets have achieved this affect. The subject of war is a delicate one to write about. However, Wilfred Owen expertly describes the horrors of conflict to his readers in a way few are able to. He conveys images and uses language in ways that can move the reader. In this essay I will look at two of his poems, written during and after the war, and aim to discuss the methods Owen uses in order to successfully influence the readers’ emotions. After reading each of the poems, I felt I was able to recognize more fully the suffering that the men on the front line endured. Although the full extent of the terror of the trenches should never be seen again, Owen’s writing gives a good idea of what war was like 90 years ago. The poems moved me and sadden me, and also opened my eyes to the horror of war. The poems I will be studying are ‘Spring Offensive’ and ‘Futility’; they differ from each other in a variety of ways but each communicates a feeling of compassion for those who died in 1918. While one will use perhaps horrific detail, another will use a milder and gentler method. In answer to the essay title, I will show which techniques Owen uses in each poem and how they move the reader. The first poem I will look at is ‘Spring Offensive’. We can see from the title that Owen may talk about conflict as ‘offensive’ suggests. The opening line is one of sadness and imminent death, ‘Halted against the shade of a last hill’. The use of ‘last’ implies that the men are nearing the end of their lives and that the hill is that last one th... ...suddenly they are ‘exposed’ to the ‘unseen bullets’ of the enemy machine guns. This also makes the soldiers appear very brave, as they show little fear. To conclude, I would say that ‘Spring Offensive’ is an exceptional piece of writing that moved me greatly. I felt real sympathy and sadness for the men that lost their lives for their country after the officers threw them into the front line. This feeling is strengthened through ‘Futility’, which makes the pointlessness of the War even more apparent. Owen uses rhythm and style to paint the terrible pictures of war in order to rouse the reader into thinking about his ideas. His use of rhetorical devices further reinforces his views on war and its senselessness. Finally, his questioning of God and his way of making nature appear all-powerful adds an effective twist to the overall view of his writing.

Friday, July 19, 2019

A True History of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson by Mrs. Mary Rowlandson Essay

The Theme of "A True History of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson" by Mrs. Mary Rowlandson In the times of colonies when land was untouched there was a distinct hatred between the native Indians and the new colonists. As one reads the essay: A True History of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, written by Mary Rowlandson in 1682, one will understand this hatred. Although the Indians captured Mary Rowlandson, with the faith of God she was safely returned. The reader learns of her religious messages and how she turns to God for safety and strong will. One sees how her Puritan beliefs are of the strong New England Puritans way of life. The reader also understands through her words how she views the Indians and their way of life. Rowlandson's theme is very simple; the capture and return of herself by the Indians. It was a strange and amazing dispensation that the Lord should so afflict his precious servant, and Handmaid (Rowlandson p. 22). She struggles to find answers in why she was captured and tormented for eleven weeks, when she shows such a high religious fate. Her theme shows that she begged God for mercy, not to be free but to have strength to travel each day. Before she was captured she was a very religious person; being the wife of Reverend Joseph Rowlandson and mother to their offspring. God was in her daily life moreover in her kids' lives. After she was captured her religious life did not change, even though she was put through hellish conditions God still was her right hand man. When the Indians burned the town and made way to Rowlandson's house she turned to God for answers. Her house was set on fire forcing her and her kids to come out. When she came out she suffered a bullet to the arm and w... ...e. She spent all day walking and carrying articles while the Indians rode horse back. Rowlandson was forced to weave for the Indians and give her clothing up for the comfort of the Indians. My head also was so light, that I usually reeled as I went, but I hope all those wearisome steps that I have taken are but a forwarding of me to the Heavenly rest (Rowlandson p. 43). Near the end of her eleven weeks of captivity Rowlandson wanted nothing more but to give up and let the Lord take her away. The Indians stood laughing to see me staggering along; but in my distress the Lord gave me experience of the truth and goodness of that promise (Rowlandson p. 51). Finally, after eleven long weeks of death, pain and suffering, the Indians gave heart. They leaded her near Boston where she would find some English men that helped reunites her husband to his long lost wife.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Alternate Energy Sources :: essays research papers

Alternate Energy Resources As most people know our energy supply is slowly running out. We are using energy sources that either pollute the air, take up natural resources or cause damage to other forms of life. Today, we are working on other forms of energy that do not pollute or cause harm to the environment. Here are some: Magnetohydrobynamic Power   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Magnetohydrobynamic power is where created by plasma. One way is for gases are heated to really high temperature to where the form plasma. They are held together by strong magnets. This creates the energy. The energy is then cooled to a gas and used to turn a turbine (The hot plasma would melt the turbine if it tired to turn it.) This is already done is coal combustion research facilities. The second way is for the plasma molecules to be heated up around temperatures of 5,000,000 C%. The kinetic energy is then extracted by passing through a magnetic field. This produces a strong voltage. The only disadvantages to this power source is the lack of knowledge we have for it. Hopefully, within time, we will learn about this new energy source so we can use it to power the future. Fusion Power   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fusion Power is probably the biggest known Alternate Energy Resource. Fusion is the joining of the nuclei of two atoms to form the nucleus of a heavier element. It occurs mostly with hydrogen and other light elements. Fusion reactions, also called thermonuclear reactions, release a great deal of energy. Scientists are still conducting experiments on ways of harnessing Fusion so we can use it as an energy source. Microwave Power   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  25% of the energy we use today is used to for indoor lighting. Microwave power is the art of taking light from the sun and using it to light out indoor areas. It can only be used to light up lights though. This currently be done at Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and is used by several industrial companies. The Berkeley Lab researchers say that a single kiosk could be used to replace 30 conventional ceiling fixtures in an open spaced room and still light the room at the same brightness. If this becomes an energy source that we can depend on, you may see it light all of the lights in the world. The downside to this is that scientists due say that if we used this energy source for 1 billion years, to light up the entire world, we would take off 1 year of the sun’s life.

Masuji Ibuse and “Black Rain”

Japan has a very rich history as well as a very rich culture. It was home to famous artists and poets, which gets their inspiration from whatever is happening in the country. One of these writers is Ibuse Masuji, who was the writer of the 1965 masterpiece, Kuroi Ame or â€Å"Black Rain.† The inspiration of this is the previous bombing of Hiroshima, where black rain refers to the radioactive â€Å"rain† that spread out to the people in the area. Ibuse Masuji came from a family of independent farmers, born as the second of a landowner in Hiroshima, Japan. Ibuse spent his young years in the countryside, in a small village called Kamo in the east of Hiroshima Prefecture. When he became 19, started going to Waseda University in Tokyo, where he had his fill of the ideas from brilliant minds of history, most especially regarding surrealism and Marxism. The specialty which he took in college was on French literature, but his interests were more on the works of Russians like Tolstoy and Chekov (â€Å"Masuji Ibuse,† 2002). But because of an unwanted incident where Masuji Ibuse was sexually harassed by a gay professor, he was forced to quit school. His writings surfaced in the early 1920’s, but his works were not recognized until the late 1920s with the positive feedback given by an influential modern critic named Kobayashi Hideo. Because of this, people noticed Masuji Ibuse’s works, wherein he later gained a large following due to people’s admirations. Despite his emergence as one of the new modern writers, he chose to take the path of traditional techniques which is known to his place of origin. His techniques were more on the first person aspect where he used the subjective â€Å"I-novel† mode of Japan. This technique is characterized by having a narrator and author in one. Southern Japan’s countryside inspired him to come up with his short story, â€Å"Koi† which marked his traditional techniques. Ibuse’s pre-war works showed his wry humor as an artists, as well as having characters which are psychologically sharp yet sympathetic villagers, peasants, doctors, farmers and other unchanging people. This is the distinguishing trait of Ibuse’s style when he writes. When the World War II broke out, Masuji Ibuse led a different life. He served in the propaganda units, which has also inspired him to write about Japanese propagandists. He was able to look at life differently because of all the wars. War’s cruelty served as a new inspiration for his writings. One of his great creations which emerged from this aspect was â€Å"Black Rain,† which shows his take on the fateful events caused by the Hiroshima bombings, making it as one of the best Japanese novels known to the world. The novel Black Rain chronicled various stories of the hibakusha or the survivors of the Japanese atom bomb (The Hiroshima Project, 2007). It showed their struggles for acceptance, and their sufferings from discrimination and social isolation. This is all because of the radiation poisoning, when they were exposed to huge amounts of radiation during the bombings. These people may have survived the attacks, but the life they had afterwards showed how hard it is being in their place. This novel became famous to western readers even though the author was Japanese. This was partly because of how the novel depicts its contents, which is more on the human perspective. It ignores the political factors that existed around that time. It focused on the issue on the extent of devastation that these bombs can cause, nd that the suffering that is connected with it is not only on those who wee directly suffered from the bombings, but also with generations after generations from the victims. References: Masuji Ibuse. (2002).  Ã‚   Retrieved October 1, 2007, from http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/ibuse.htm The Hiroshima Project. (2007). Masuji IBUSE: Black Rain.  Ã‚   Retrieved October 1, 2007, from http://rhizome.org/artbase/22194/HiroshimaProject/ResearchDatabase/Literature/BlackRain/index.html      

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Banning of Books

Written stories rich person been nigh for a desire time. For as long as humans have walked the earthly concern they have been capturing their lives in pictures, symbols and words. several(prenominal) stories were relieve on cave walls and some on leaves but eventually stories started to be still on paper and saved in books. As soon as books started to be published they were critiqued and some were eventually proscribed. Books have been prohibited for several different reasons much(prenominal) as containing in take into account langu long time, racism, or diabolic themes. Some plurality are in favor of evictning books and some plurality are against it.Although some feel it is appropriate to ban books containing contradictory material for plastered mature groups books should non be sufficient to be banned beca habituate recitation accessions sentiency and literacy, it is against freedom of speech, and reading is a much directional start of entertainment tha n television. Some books are banned because they have been deemed age inappropriate. Certain people feel banning these types books protects young readers from being assailable to inappropriate elements such as foul language, apocalyptic themes, or drugs. That is why schools ban books.Young children do not need to be exposed to these things. Children grow up fast profuse and books with inappropriate materials only speeds up the service of them losing their innocence. Despite the potential for inappropriate language, pen text provides a great source of entertainment for readers. Nowadays the most green source of entertainment is television. This relatively tonic technology has rapidly spread in popularity. Television provides viewers a visual story experience in numerous different forms such as drama, comedy, action, or adventure. These types of stories derriere be experienced by means of reading, as well.But, reading requires people to use much of their imagination as the y pick up the story. This is why many feel reading is more(prenominal) educational than watching television. However, if a book gets banned readers will not be able to answer their imagination, contemplate its lessons, and enjoy its story. Also, banning books will consecrate to a decrease in the popularity of reading and therefore increase the popularity of watching television. completely books should be available to people so they have access to a violate form of entertainment. Banning books also restricts education.If a book is banned then readers in schools around the country cannot teach the master(prenominal) morals the book has to offer. This greatly inhibits students education. recital also helps people become more aware of the innovation around them. This is important because if children cannot read a book because it is banned then they may not break roughly important events that have occurred in the world. Children need to be aware because they are the future leaders of the world. Along with increase awareness, reading increases literacy as it exposes people to a wider portion of their language.So, banning books only hinders the education of children, students, and others who could have possibly read their stories. Finally, ane inalienable right all citizens of the get together States have is freedom of speech. The first amendment of the formation says Congress shall make no natural law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free usage thereof or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. This grants everyone the right to say, draw, or keep open anything they desire. This means that authors can write about any topic they choose. If an authors book is banned it contradicts their ingrained rights. This is technically illegal. The banning of books can be harmful to education and decreases options for entertainment. Additionally, it goes against the Constitutional right of freedom of speech. Banning books also decreases the ability of people to read and increase their awareness of different events around the world and can negatively impact literacy.Unlike television, books exercise the readers imagination as they provide entertainment, they teach important lessons, and they are far more educational. Although some feel it is appropriate to ban books containing inappropriate material for certain age groups books should not be able to be banned because reading increases awareness and literacy, it is against freedom of speech, and reading is a more educational source of entertainment than television.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Explain the European motivations for exploration and conquest of the New World Essay

Explain the European motivations for exploration and conquest of the New World Essay

Texts the critical texts for the course are eternal now easily available in translations.The first European power to same make concerted efforts to explore the New World was Spain, logical and they had three distinct motives: to win last over converts to Catholicism; to conquer land; and, to get rich. 4 Eventually following northern Spain were England and France, both of which had similar motives: to extend their empires into the New World, as full well as profit from the establishment of colonies in the New World. Clearly, then, the ultimate goal of exploration logical and conquest in the New World was to significant increase power and wealth.2.A detailed collection of themes for try this test are available below.†5 They felt that the Church of new England was not completely separated from the Catholic Church. plain Speaking out against the Church of England led to cruel persecutions by King James I and devout Anglican officials.6 The Separatists then fled to Holland, grea t but while there, felt that their other children were becoming too Dutch and straying from preventing their staunch Puritan beliefs. As a result, they secured a own land patent from the Virginia Company and in 1620, sailed to America.

This isnt an single instance of the job.They chose to leave England and worthy settle in the New World, where they would be able to practice their beliefs without fear of reprisal. part First establishing the colony of New Jersey, they soon migrated to the opposite side of the lower Delaware River and established the colony of Pennsylvania. The Glorious Revolution in England led to many changes within the colonies. The colonies that had been absorbed into the Dominion of New England – Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, and New northern Jersey – all reverted to their former governments.There are a total number of methods to learn more about the unknown, just as how there are lots of reasons ! Most implausible ideas what are implausible for an excellent reason.14 5. Explain how logical and why the British won the French and young Indian War. The French and Indian War what was the last of four major wars involving the European european powers and the ir New World colonies. 15 In this particular war, the cause of contention how was upper Ohio River valley.

Try forget not to forget that the questions arent designed that you tell us what youve learned.18 The change in economic status of the French and Indian War coincided with a significant change within the British government. William Pitt became Prime foreign Minister of Britain, and under his leadership, the British would final defeat the French.Allied with the Indians, who wanted the French out of preventing their territory, the British utilized their superior naval fleet to cut off French reinforcements and medical supplies to the New World. 19 The decisive point of the war how was the Battle of Quebec in 1759.Examine the set of settlements how that led to the Compromise of 1850.Our planet is one of the in a solar system which is merely one of several.

The Inca empire had come to a finish.No matter the Age of Exploration, the reasons or own motives altered the surface of the world.Each lesson is intriguing and simple to national follow along with producing your study time more pleasurable.You understand technological how significant the exam is if youve made the choice to utilize AP special courses to supply your child the chance to generate college credits.

Its principal goal, coming together with conversion, was destruction of native faith.Energy simply explains the total capacity of a issue.Additionally because of disease the colony wasnt able to sustain itself.Another major factor we should consider under consideration is a expanding thirst for knowledge.

Concerning the level of decentralization, its determined by the amount of democracy.S.Moreover, you have to spell out the importance of the ID.Space exploration is imperative.